Semiconductor memory device having driver and load MISFETs and capacitor elements

ABSTRACT

A static random access memory comprising memory cells each composed of transfer MISFETs controlled by word lines and of a flip-flop circuit made of driver MISFETs and load MISFETs. The top of the load MISFETs is covered with supply voltage lines so that capacitor elements of a stacked structure are formed between the gate electrodes of the load MISFETs and the supply voltage lines.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a semiconductor integrated circuit device and a method for manufacturing the same. More particularly, the invention relates to a semiconductor integrated circuit device comprising an SRAM (static random access memory). A general description of the SRAM is found illustratively in IEDM (International Electron Device Meeting), Tech. Dig., pp. 477-480, 1991.

As a semiconductor memory, the SRAM comprises memory cells each composed of a flip-flop circuit and two transfer MISFETs (metal insulator semiconductor field effect transistors) at an intersection formed by complementary data lines and word lines.

Each transfer MISFET constituting part of a memory cell has one of its semiconductor regions connected to the I/O terminals of the flip-flop circuit; the other semiconductor region is connected to one complementary data line. The word lines, connected to the gate electrodes of the transfer MISFETs, control the conduction thereof.

The flip-flop circuit of each memory cell is constituted as a data retaining unit made of two driver MISFETs and two load resistance elements. Each driver MISFET has one of its semiconductor regions (drain) connected to one semiconductor region of one transfer MISFET; the other semiconductor region (source) of the driver MISFET is connected to a reference voltage line. The gate electrode of the driver MISFET is connected to the other semiconductor region of the transfer MISFET.

One end of each load resistance element is connected to one semiconductor region of each transfer MISFET. The other end of the load resistance elements is connected to supply voltage lines. The load resistance elements are deposited in layered fashion on top of the driver MISFETs in order to reduce the memory cell area for higher integration.

Recent years have seen SRAMs of the above-described type further integrated to accommodate large amounts of data and to operate at high speeds. This type of SRAM is described illustratively in U.S. Pat. No. 5,239,196 (U.S. Ser. No. 653,493), assigned to the assignee of the present application on Feb. 11, 1991 with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

The technology disclosed in the above document primarily involves forming in each memory cell the gate electrodes of the driver MISFETs and those of the transfer MISFETs (word lines) using different conductive strips. The drive and transfer MISFETs intersect with one another in their gate length direction. The word lines extend in the gate length direction of the gate electrodes of the driver MISFETs, and intersect with part of these gate electrodes.

According to the prior art above, part of the driver MISFETs is made to overlap with part of the word lines. The structure reduces the memory cell area, in the gate width direction of the driver MISFETs, by the amount equivalent to the overlapping region. Thus the degree of integration of the SRAM is enhanced.

The above technology also involves connecting in each memory cell a first word line to the gate electrode of a first transfer MISFET while connecting a second word line to the gate electrode of a second transfer MISFET, the second word line being separated from the first word line and extending in the same direction of the latter. Between the first and the second word lines are a first and a second driver MISFET. The first driver MISFET has its drain region connected to one semiconductor region of the first transfer MISFET. The second driver MISFET has its drain region connected to one semiconductor region of the second transfer MISFET. The plane shape of the first transfer and driver MISFETs and that of the second transfer and driver MISFETs are arranged to be symmetrical around the center point of each memory cell. The gate width size of the first and the second transfer MISFETs is made smaller than that of the first and the second driver MISFETs.

The above-described construction inside the memory cell allows for greater margins of alignment in photolithography between the first and the second transfer MISFETs as well as between the first and the second driver MISFETs. The construction contributes to reducing size disparities among the memory elements while ensuring stable memory cell operation. With each memory element reduced in size, the memory cell area is reduced and the SRAM is boosted in terms of integration.

The above technology makes it possible to determine uniquely the separation inside each memory cell between the first transfer MISFET and first driver MISFET on the one hand, and the second transfer MISFET and second driver MISFET on the other. The separation is so determined on the basis of the size of an element-separating region between the first and the second driver MISFETs. Because the unnecessary size (i.e., an empty region equivalent to the clearance between the driver and the transfer MISFETs) is eliminated from the size of the separation, the memory cell size is reduced and the degree of integration of the SRAM is enhanced.

Furthermore, the above technology involves connecting two word lines to the gate electrodes of the two transfer MISFETs in each memory cell. This constitution eliminates the need to wind around the word line (i.e., one word line per memory cell) inside the memory cell to connect the gate electrodes of the two transfer MISFETs. With the two word lines extending over a short distance in a substantially linear manner, the resistance values of the word lines are lowered. This translates into higher speeds at which to write and read data to and from each memory cell, which results in higher operation speeds of the SRAM.

The above technology adopts the so-called complete CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) structure. The structure involves forming the flip-flop circuit of each memory cell from two driver MISFETs and two load MISFETs in order to lower the standby current. The load MISFETs are deposited in layered fashion on the driver MISFETs to reduce the memory cell area while improving the degree of integration.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In developing new SRAMs of higher integration operating at higher speeds, the inventors of this invention noted the following problems:

The save technology has capacitor elements formed in each memory cell between the gate electrodes of the driver MISFETs and the load MISFETs deposited on top of the former. The constitution makes it difficult to provide capacitor elements of large capacitance. With the SRAM getting smaller in size, the resistance to α-ray soft errors of the memory cell tends to be insufficient.

According to the above technology, each memory cell has the drain region of one driver MISFET, the gate electrode of one load MISFET, the gate electrode of the other driver MISFET, and the drain region of the other load MISFET interconnected through a plurality of contact holes. This structure tends to increase the contact hole area, which poses an impediment to reducing the memory cell area.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor integrated circuit device and a method for manufacturing the same, the device comprising an SRAM providing each memory cell with higher resistance to α-ray soft errors.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor integrated circuit device and a method for manufacturing the same, the device affording higher degrees of SRAM integration.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor integrated circuit device and a method for manufacturing the same, the device providing higher SRAM operation speeds.

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following specification and accompanying drawings.

Major features of the invention disclosed in this specification are outlined below:

(1) According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a semiconductor integrated circuit device comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a main surface; a plurality of memory cells constituting a static random access memory, each of the plurality of memory cells being composed of transfer MISFETs controlled by word lines and of a flip-flop circuit including driver MISFETs and load MISFETs; a first conductive strip formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate and constituting gate electrodes of the driver MISFETs; a second conductive strip formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate and constituting gate electrodes of the transfer MISFETs; a third conductive strip formed over the first and the second conductive strips and including channel regions, source regions and drain regions of the load MISFETs; a fourth conductive strip formed over the third conductive strip and constituting gate electrodes of the load MISFETs; a fifth conductive strip formed over the fourth conductive strip and constituting supply voltage lines connected to the source regions of the load MISFETs; and a dielectric film formed between the gate electrodes of the load MISFETs and the supply voltage lines; wherein the supply voltage lines and the load MISFETs are positioned relative to one another so that capacitor elements are formed between the gate electrodes of the load MISFETs and the supply voltage lines.

(2) In a preferred structure of the invention as defined in (1) above, a sixth conductive strip is formed over the first and the second conductive strips so as to constitute reference voltage lines connected to the source regions of the driver MISFETs, wherein the third conductive strip is formed over the sixth conductive strip to constitute the channel regions, source regions and drain regions of the load MISFETs, and wherein that plane part of the sixth conductive strip over which the load MISFETs are not furnished has holes formed thereon.

(3) In another preferred structure of the invention as defined in (1) above, a contact hole is formed over the drain region of one driver MISFET so as to interconnect the drain region of that one driver MISFET, the gate electrode of one load MISFET, the gate electrode of the other driver MISFET, and the drain region of the other load MISFET.

(4) In a further preferred structure of the invention as defined in (3) above, a sixth conductive strip is formed over the first and the second conductive strips so as to constitute reference voltage lines connected to the source regions of the driver MISFETs, wherein the third conductive strip is formed over the sixth conductive strip to constitute the channel regions, source regions and drain regions of the load MISFETs, and wherein the contact hole is surrounded by the second and the sixth conductive strips over which a thick insulating film is deposited.

(5) In an even further preferred structure of the invention as defined in (1) above, a sixth conductive strip is formed over the first and the second conductive strips so as to constitute reference voltage lines connected to the source regions of the driver MISFETs, wherein the third conductive strip is formed over the sixth conductive strip to constitute the channel regions, source regions and drain regions of the load MISFETs, the sixth conductive strip being formed into a pad layer over the drain regions of the transfer MISFETs so that data lines are connected via the pad layer to the drain regions of the transfer MISFETs.

(6) In a still further preferred structure of the invention as defined in (1) above, a sixth conductive strip is formed over the first and the second conductive strips so as to constitute reference voltage lines connected to the source regions of the driver MISFETs, wherein the third conductive strip is formed over the sixth conductive strip to constitute the channel regions, source regions and drain regions of the load MISFETs, the sixth conductive strip being formed into a pad layer over one semiconductor region of n-channel MISFETs constituting part of the peripheral circuits of the static random access memory, so that one semiconductor region of the n-channel MISFETs is wired via the pad layer.

(7) In a yet further preferred structure of the invention as defined in (1) above, a sixth conductive strip is formed over the first and the second conductive strips so as to constitute reference voltage lines connected to the source regions of the driver MISFETs, wherein the third conductive strip is formed over the sixth conductive strip to constitute the channel regions, source regions and drain regions of the load MISFETs, the fifth conductive strip being formed into a pad layer over one semiconductor region of p-channel MISFETs constituting part of the peripheral circuits of the static random access memory, so that one semiconductor region of the p-channel MISFETs is wired via the pad layer.

(8) In another preferred structure of the invention as defined in (1) above, peripheral circuits of the static random access memory include asymmetrically constructed n-channel MISFETs having source regions of a double diffused drain structure composed of a high-density n⁺-type semiconductor region and a low-density n-type semiconductor region, the asymmetrically constructed n-channel MISFETs further having drain regions of an LDD structure made of a high-density n⁺-type semiconductor region and a low-density n-type semiconductor region.

(9) In a further preferred structure of the invention as defined in (1) above, peripheral circuits of the static random access memory include n-channel MISFETs having source regions and drain regions of LDD structures each composed of a high-density n⁺-type semiconductor region and a low-density n-type semiconductor region, the latter region being formed over a low-density p-type semiconductor region.

(10) In an even further preferred structure of the invention as defined in (1) above, peripheral circuits of the static random access memory include p-channel MISFETs having source regions and drain regions of LDD structures each composed of a high-density p⁺-type semiconductor region and a low-density p-type semiconductor region, the latter region being formed over a low-density n-type semiconductor region.

(11) In a still further preferred structure of the invention as defined in (1) above, the dielectric film between those gate electrodes of the load MISFETs which are made of the fourth conductive strip on the one hand, and the supply voltage lines made of the fifth conductive strip on the other, is constituted by a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film, the latter film being deposited over the former in layered fashion.

(12) According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a semiconductor integrated circuit device having a static random access memory comprising memory cells each composed of transfer MISFETs controlled by word lines and of a flip-flop circuit formed by driver MISFETs and load MISFETs, the method comprising the steps of: forming gate electrodes of the driver MISFETs by use of a first conductive strip deposited over a main surface of a semiconductor substrate; forming gate electrodes of the transfer MISFETs by use of a second conductive strip deposited over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate; forming reference voltage lines connected to source regions of the driver MISFETs by use of a third conductive strip deposited over the first and the second conductive strips; forming channel regions, source regions and drain regions of the load MISFETs by use of a fourth conductive strip formed over the third conductive strip; forming a contact hole on the drain regions of the driver MISFETs; and forming gate electrodes of the load MISFETs by use of a fifth conductive strip deposited over the fourth conductive strip, so that the contact hole interconnects the drain region of one driver MISFET, the gate electrode of one load MISFET, the gate electrode of the other driver MISFET, and the drain region of the other load MISFET.

(13) According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a semiconductor integrated circuit device having a static random access memory comprising memory cells each composed of transfer MISFETs controlled by word lines and of a flip-flop circuit formed by driver MISFETs and load MISFETs, the method comprising the steps of: forming gate electrodes of the driver MISFETs by use of a first conductive strip deposited over a main surface of a semiconductor substrate; forming gate electrodes of the transfer MISFETs by use of a second conductive strip deposited over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate; forming reference voltage lines connected to source regions of the driver MISFETs by use of a third conductive strip deposited over the first and the second conductive strips; forming gate electrodes of the load MISFETs by use of a fourth conductive strip formed over the third conductive strip; forming side wall spacers on the side wall of the gate electrodes of the load MISFETs by etching an insulating film deposited over the fourth conductive strip; forming a gate insulating film of the load MISFETs over the fourth conductive strip through thermal oxidation of the latter; and forming channel regions, source regions and drain regions of the load MISFETs by use of a fifth conductive strip deposited over the gate insulating film of the load MISFETs.

(14) According to an even further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a semiconductor integrated circuit device having a static random access memory comprising memory cells each composed of transfer MISFETs controlled by word lines and of a flip-flop circuit formed by driver MISFETs and load MISFETs, the method comprising the steps of: forming gate electrodes of the driver MISFETs by use of a first conductive strip deposited over a main surface of a semiconductor substrate; forming a first insulating film over the first conductive strip; forming a second conductive strip over the first insulating film; forming source regions and drain regions of the. driver MISFETs by adding impurities to the main surface of the semiconductor substrate; leaving the second conductive strip intact solely over the gate electrodes of the driver MISFETs by etching the second conductive strip; forming a second insulating film over the second conductive strip; forming a contact hole on the source regions of the driver MISFETs by etching the second insulating film and the first insulating film, in that order; etching a third conductive strip deposited over the second insulating film so as to form reference voltage lines connected to the source regions of the driver MISFETs via the contact hole, the reference voltage lines being further connected to the second conductive strip over the gate electrodes of the driver MISFETs via the side wall of the contact hole.

According to the structure described in (1) above, capacitor elements C of large capacitance are formed between the gate electrodes of the load MISFETs on the one hand, and the supply voltage lines occupying a large area over these gate electrodes on the other. This structure enhances the resistance of the memory cells to α-ray soft errors.

According to the structure described in (2) above, holes are made on part of the supply voltage lines so as to reduce the resistivity thereof. The structure thus prevents drops in the supply voltage fed through the supply voltage lines to the memory cells, permitting stable SRAM operation.

According to the structure described in (3) and (13) above, one contact hole interconnects the drain region of one driver MISFET, the gate electrode of one load MISFET, the drain region of the other load MISFET, and the gate electrode of the other driver MISFET over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate. Compared with prior art setups where these conductive strips are connected via a plurality of contact holes, this single contact hole structure reduces the memory cell area by the amount equivalent to the multiple contact holes eliminated. In addition, the single contact hole structure requires fewer steps to follow for the manufacture thereof than the multiple contact hole setups.

According to the structure described in (4) above, the contact hole formed on the drain regions of the driver MISFETs is surrounded by the second and the sixth conductive strips which in turn are covered with a thick insulating film. The structure provides greater margins of alignment for the contact hole to be formed.

According to the structure described in (5) above, the data lines are connected to the drain regions of the transfer MISFETs via the pad layer made of the sixth conductive strip constituting the reference voltage lines. The structure eliminates the need for margins of alignment for the contact hole to be formed on the drain regions, whereby the area of the drain regions of the transfer MISFETs is reduced.

According to the structure described in (6) above, one semiconductor region of the n-channel MISFETs constituting part of the peripheral circuits of the SRAM is wired via the pad layer formed by the sixth conductive strip. The structure eliminates the need for margins of alignment for the contact hole to be formed on the semiconductor region, whereby the semiconductor region area of the n-channel MISFETs is reduced.

According to the structure described in (7) above, one semiconductor region of the p-channel MISFETs constituting part of the peripheral circuits of the SRAM is wired via the pad layer formed by the fifth conductive strip. The structure eliminates the need for margins of alignment for the contact hole to be formed on the semiconductor region, whereby the semiconductor region area of the p-channel MISFETs is reduced.

According to the structure described in (8) above, the asymmetrically constructed n-channel MISFETs constituting part of the peripheral circuits of the SRAM have the source regions of the so-called double diffused drain structure. This setup reduces the resistance value of the source regions and thereby improves the ability of the SRAM to be driven on currents. Furthermore, building the drain regions in the LDD structure enhances the dielectric strength of these regions.

According to the structure described in (9) above, the low-density p-type semiconductor regions are formed under the low-density n-type semiconductor regions. This structure minimizes the short channel effect of the n-channel MISFETs.

According to the structure described in (10) above, the low-density n-type semiconductor regions are formed under the low-density p-type semiconductor regions. This structure minimizes the short channel effect of the p-channel MISFETs.

According to the structure described in (11) above, the insulating film under the fifth conductive strip is constituted by a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film, the latter film being deposited over the former in layered fashion. When the fifth conductive strip is etched to form the supply voltage lines, the insulating film under the fifth conductive strip is protected from erosion. Thus the structure improves the dielectric strength of the capacitor elements composed of the fifth conductive strip, the insulating film and the fourth conductive strip.

According to the manufacturing method described in (13) above, side wall spacers are formed on the side wall of the gate electrodes of the load MISFETs. The side wall spacers protect the edges of the gate electrodes. Thermally oxidizing the gate electrodes rounds the edges thereof, which improves the dielectric strength of the gate insulating film of the load MISFETs. Furthermore, the gate insulating film has a higher dielectric strength when formed by thermal oxidation than by the CVD method.

According to the manufacturing method described in (14) above, capacitor elements are formed between the gate electrodes of the driver MISFETs and the reference voltage lines. The second conductive strip is formed between the first and the second insulating films constituting the dielectric film of the capacitor elements. This arrangement makes it possible effectively to reduce the thickness of the dielectric film, whereby the capacitance of the capacitor elements is boosted.

A brief description below of the drawings accompanying this specification will be followed by a detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention. Throughout the description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings, the parts that are functionally identical are designated by like reference numerals, and any repetitive description of the same parts is omitted.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of a semiconductor substrate showing a memory cell of a semiconductor integrated circuit device practiced as a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a view of an overall chip layout of the first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a view of a chip layout enlarging part of the layout of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell in the first embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a partial plan view of a sub-array pattern layout of the first embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a partial plan view of another sub-array pattern layout of the first embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a partial plan view of another sub-array pattern layout of the first embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a partial plan view of another sub-array pattern layout of the first embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a memory cell pattern layout of the first embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a partial plan view of another sub-array pattern layout of the first embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a partial plan view of another sub-array pattern layout of the first embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a partial plan view of another sub-array pattern layout of the first embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a partial plan view of another sub-array pattern layout of the first embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a partial plan view of another sub-array pattern layout of the first embodiment;

FIG. 15 is a partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 16 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 17 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 18 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 19 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 20 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 21 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 22 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 23 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 24 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 25 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 26 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram showing part of the peripheral circuits of the first embodiment;

FIG. 28 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 29 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 30 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 31 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 32 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 33 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 34 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 35 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 36 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 37 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 38 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 39 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 40 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 41 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 42 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating bow the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 43 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the first embodiment, illustrating how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 44 is a partial plan view of a sub-array pattern layout of a semiconductor integrated circuit device practiced as a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 45 is a schematic perspective view of a memory cell pattern layout of the second embodiment;

FIG. 46 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell of a semiconductor integrated circuit device practiced as a third embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 47 is a partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the third embodiment, depicting how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 48 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the third embodiment, depicting how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 49 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the third embodiment, depicting how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 50 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the third embodiment, depicting how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 51 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the third embodiment, depicting how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 52 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the third embodiment, depicting how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 53 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the third embodiment, depicting how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 54 is a partial plan view of a sub-array pattern layout of a semiconductor integrated circuit device practiced as a fourth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 55 is a partial plan view of another sub-array pattern layout of the fourth embodiment;

FIG. 56 is a partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the fourth embodiment, showing how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 57 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the fourth embodiment, showing how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 58 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the fourth embodiment, showing how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 59 is another partial sectional view of the semiconductor substrate of the fourth embodiment, showing how the embodiment is manufactured;

FIG. 60 is a partial plan view of a sub-array pattern layout constituting a variation of the fourth embodiment; and

FIG. 61 is a partial plan view of another sub-array pattern layout constituting another variation of the fourth embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[First Embodiment]

FIG. 2 shows an overall chip layout of a static random access memory (SRAM) practiced as the first embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 3 provides a chip layout that enlarges part of the layout of FIG. 2.

The main surface of a rectangular semiconductor chip 1 comprises an SRAM illustratively having a capacity of, but not limited to, 16 megabits. The memory cell array of the SRAM is composed of four memory blocks MB₁ through MB₄. Each memory block has 32 sub-arrays SMA. Each sub-array SMA is made of memory cells arranged in 1,024 rows by 128 columns.

A load circuit LOAD is located at one end of each memory block MB. At the other end of the memory block MB are a Y-selector circuit YSW, a Y-decoder circuit YDEC and a sense amplifier circuit SA. In the middle of each memory block MB is an X-decoder circuit XDEC.

As shown in FIG. 3, a word decoder circuit WDEC is located at one end of each of the sub-arrays SMA. Any one of the word decoder circuits WDEC is selected by one of the X-decoders XDEC via main word lines MWL extended in the column direction of the memory blocks MB.

Each word decoder WDEC selects word lines WL via sub-word lines SWLs extended in the column direction over the sub-arrays SMAs, the word lines WLs being extended in parallel with the sub-word lines SWLs. The word lines WLs are provided to each of the memory cells MCs arranged in the column direction, each memory cell being connected to two word lines WLs (first and second) to which the same selection signal is applied.

Over the sub-arrays SMAs are the main word lines MWLs, sub-word lines SWLs and complementary data lines DLs. The complementary data lines DLs are extended in the row direction so as to intersect with the word lines WLs. One set of complementary data lines DLs is made of a first and a second data line extended in parallel with each other and furnished to each of the memory cells MCs arranged in the row direction. One end of the complementary data lines DLs is connected to the load circuits LOADs; the other end of the complementary data lines DLs is connected to the sense amplifier circuits SAs via the Y-selector circuits YSWs.

FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a memory cell MC in the sub-arrays SMAs of the first embodiment. Each memory cell, composed of a flip-flop circuit and two transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, is located at the intersection formed by the first and the second word lines WL₁ and WL₂ as well as by the first and the second complementary data lines DL₁ and DL₂. The flip-flop circuit is a data retaining part that retains one-bit information (“1” or “0”).

The two transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ in each memory cell MS are an n-channel MISFET each. The source regions of the two transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ are connected to one pair of I/O terminals of the flip-flop circuit. The source or the drain region of the transfer MISFET Qt₁ is connected to the first data line DL₁; the gate electrode of the transfer MISFET Qt₁ is connected to the first word line WL₁. The source or the drain region of the transfer MISFET Qt₂ is connected to the second data line DL₂; the gate electrode of the transfer MISFET Qt₂ is connected to the second word line WL₂.

Each flip-flop circuit comprises two n-channel type driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ and two p-channel type load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂. That is, each of the memory cells MCs constituting the SRAM of the invention has a complete CMOS structure.

The drain region of the driver MISFET Qd₁ is connected to that of the load MISFET Qp₁, and their gate electrodes are interconnected, thereby constituting a CMOS. Likewise, the drain region of the driver MISFET Qd₂ is connected to that of the load MISFET Qp₂ and their gate electrodes are interconnected so as to constitute another CMOS.

The drain region of the driver MISFET Qd₁ and that of the load MISFET Qp₁ are connected to the source or the drain region of the transfer MISFET Qt₁, whichever is yet to be connected. The drain regions of the driver MISFET Qd₁ and load MISFET Qp₁ are also connected to the gate electrodes of the driver MISFET Qd₂ and load MISFET Qp₂.

The drain region of the driver MISFET Qd₂ and that of the load MISFET Qp₂ (i.e., the other pair of I/O terminals of the flip-flop circuit) are connected to the source or the drain region of the transfer MISFET Qt₂, whichever is yet to be connected. The drain regions of the driver MISFET Qd₂ and load MISFET Qp₂ are also connected to the gate electrodes of the driver MISFET Qd₁ and load MISFET Qp₁. In FIG. 4, reference characters n₁ and n₂ denote memory nodes.

The source regions of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ are connected to a reference voltage line V_(SS). The source regions of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ are connected to a supply voltage line V_(CC). The reference voltage V_(SS) and the supply voltage V_(CC) are illustratively 0 V (ground voltage) and 5 V, respectively.

Capacitor elements C are located between the gate electrodes of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ on the one hand, and the supply voltage line V_(CC) on the other. These capacitor elements provide capacitance to the memory nodes n₁ and n₂. The primary objective of the capacitor elements is to enhance the resistance of the memory cells MC to α-ray soft errors. The constitution of each capacitor element will be described later in more detail.

As depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3, the SRAM of the invention incorporating the above-described memory cells MC works as follows: an X-decoder XDEC first selects one of the word decoder circuits WDECs for the sub-arrays SMAs via the main word line MWL. In turn, the selected word decoder circuit WDEC selects word lines WLs (first word line WL₁ and second word line WL₂) via the sub-word lines SWLs. As will be described later, the word lines WLs are composed of a second layer gate material and the sub-word lines SWLs are made of a first layer wiring material.

That is, the SRAM according to the invention adopts the so-called divided word line scheme. Under this scheme, a word decoder circuit WDEC and an X-decoder circuit XDEC select one pair of word lines (first word line WL₁ and second word line WL₂) from among a plurality of word lines WLs extended over the sub-arrays SMAs. The first and the second word lines WL₁ and WL₂ of that pair are connected to the word decoder WDEC via the sub-word lines SWLs under what is known as the double word line scheme.

The peripheral circuits of the SRAM comprise the X-decoders XDECs, Y-selector circuits YSWs, Y-decoder circuits YDECs, sense amplifier circuits SAs and load circuits LOADs furnished to the memory blocks MBs. These peripheral circuits are constituted by CMOSs and control operations to write and read data to and from the memory cells MCs as well as to retain data therein.

The structure of each memory cell MC in the SRAM will now be described more specifically with reference to FIG. 1 and FIGS. 5 through 14. As shown in FIG. 1, a p⁻-type well 2 p is formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate (wafer) 1 composed of an n⁻-type silicon single crystal. A field insulating film 3 made of a silicon oxide film for element separation is formed over the main surface of a nonactive region in the p⁻-type well 2 p. Under the field insulating film 3 is a p-type channel stopper region 4 for preventing inversion.

FIG. 5 shows a pattern layout of the field insulating film 3 formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. In FIG. 5, the rectangular region enclosed by two-dot chain lines is the region occupied by a single memory cell MC.

The transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂, and load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ constitute each memory cell MC in the SRAM. Of these MISFETs, the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ and the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ are formed on the main surface of an active region in the p⁻-type well 2 p surrounded by the field insulating film 3; the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ are formed above the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂.

The driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ are composed of a gate insulating film 5, gate electrodes 6 and n-type semiconductor regions (source and drain regions) 7. Of these MISFET components, one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) of the driver MISFET Qd₁ and the gate electrode 6 of the driver MISFET Qd₂ along with one of the semiconductor regions (source region) 7 of the latter are illustrated in FIG. 1.

As shown in FIG. 6, the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ are extended in the row direction (i.e., the direction in which complementary data lines DLs are extended, or the Y direction). That is, the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ are arranged so that their gate length (Lg) direction and column direction (i.e., the direction in which word lines WLs are extended, or the X direction) coincide with each other.

The gate electrodes 6 on one end of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ protrude above the field insulating film 3 in the row direction at least by the amount equivalent to the margin of mask alignment taken during the manufacturing process. The gate electrode 6 on the other end of the driver MISFET Qd₁ protrudes above one semiconductor region (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₂ in the row direction via the field insulating film 3. Likewise, the gate electrode 6 on the other end of the driver MISFET Qd₂ protrudes above one semiconductor region (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₁ in the row direction via the field insulating film 3.

The gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂, formed during the process of manufacturing the first layer gate material, are composed illustratively of a polycrystalline silicon film. To this polycrystalline silicon film are added n-type impurities (phosphorus P or arsenic As) to reduce its resistance value. On top of the gate electrodes 6 is an insulating film 9 that electrically separates the gate electrodes 6 from upper layer conductive strips. The insulating film 9 is made illustratively of a silicon oxide film.

The semiconductor regions (source and drain regions) 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ are constituted by an n-type semiconductor region 7 a of low impurity density and an n⁺-type semiconductor region 7 b of high impurity density. The n-type semiconductor region 7 a and n⁺-type semiconductor region 7 b are formed in a self-aligned manner with respect to side wall spacers 8 furnished over the gate electrodes 7 and their side walls.

As described, the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ have their semiconductor regions (source and drain regions) formed in the so-called double diffused drain structure. Throughout the current paths between the source and drain regions, the double diffused drain structure has a lower parasitic resistance in the n-type semiconductor region 7 a than the so-called LDD (lightly doped drain) structure, to be described later, in its n-type semiconductor region. This means that the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ in the double diffused drain structure offer higher driving capabilities (gm) than the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ in the LDD structure. Because the effective β ratio of the memory cells MC is increased in the manner described, the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ are allowed to have narrower gate widths. This translates into a reduced area occupied by the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂. With the area of the memory cells MC thus reduced, the degree of integration of the SRAM is enhanced.

The transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC are formed over the main surface of the active region in the p⁻-type well 2 p surrounded by the field insulating film 3. The transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ comprise a gate insulating film 10, gate electrodes 11, and n-type semiconductor regions (source and drain regions) 12. FIG. 1 shows the gate insulating film 10, gate electrodes 11 and n-type semiconductor regions (source and drain regions) 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₁.

As depicted in FIG. 7, the gate electrodes 11 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ are extended in the column direction (i.e., the direction in which word lines WL are extended, or the X direction). That is, the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ are arranged so that their gate lengths (Lg) intersect with the gate lengths (Lg) of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂. With the transfer MISFET Qt₁ and driver MISFET Qd₁ thus arranged to have their gate lengths (Lg) intersecting with one another, the active region of the driver MISFET Qd₁ is provided in the column direction while the active region of the transfer MISFET Qt₁ is furnished in the row direction, these active regions centering on the integrated part of the components.

The gate electrodes 11 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ are formed during the process of manufacturing the second layer gate material. As such, the gate electrodes 11 are composed illustratively of a polycide film comprising a polycrystalline silicon film and a high-melting point metal silicide film having a lower resistivity than the polycrystalline silicon film. The polycrystalline silicon film, formed under the silicide film, is given n-type impurities (phosphorus (P) or arsenic (AS))to reduce its resistance value. The high-melting point metal silicide film formed above is made illustratively of WSi_(X), MoSi_(X), TiSi_(X) or TaSi_(X). Over the gate electrodes 11 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ is an insulating film 13 for electrically separating the gate electrodes 11 from the upper layer conductive strips. The insulating film 13 is constituted illustratively by a silicon oxide film.

The semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ are composed of an n-type semiconductor region 12 a of low impurity density and an n+-type semiconductor region 12 b of high impurity density. That is, the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ constitute an LDD (lightly doped drain) structure. Under the n-type semiconductor region 12 a of low impurity density is a p-type semiconductor region 14 of low impurity density.

Of the n-type and n⁺-type semiconductor regions 12 a and 12 b making up the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ as well as of the p-type semiconductor region 14, the n- and p-type semiconductor regions 12 a and 14 are self-aligned with respect to the gate electrodes 11. The n⁺-type semiconductor region 12 b is self-aligned relative to the side wall spacers formed on the gate electrodes 11 and their side walls.

As described, the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ are in the LDD structure, and the p-type semiconductor region 14 is formed under the n-type semiconductor region 12 a of low impurity density. The LDD structure boosts the dielectric strength of the semiconductor regions 12 and lowers the electric field strength thereof. This in turn reduces the amount of the hot carrier generated. The p-type semiconductor region 14 suppresses the short channel effect and prevents fluctuation of the threshold voltage for the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂. With the occupied area of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ thus reduced, the area occupied by the memory cells MC is made smaller and the degree of integration of the SRAM made higher.

As shown in FIG. 7, the gate electrodes 11 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ are formed integrally with the word lines WL extended in the column direction over the field insulating film 3. In the memory cell MC, the first and the second word lines WL₁ and WL₂ are connected to the gate electrodes 11 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, respectively.

That is, each memory cell MC comprises two word lines WL (first word line WL₁ and second word line WL₂) that are separate and are extended in parallel in the column direction. The first word line WL₁ intersects with a protruded part of the gate electrode 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₁ above the field insulating film 3; the second word line WL₂ intersects with a protruded part of the gate electrode 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₂ above the field insulating film 3.

The basic memory array structure and the plane layout patterns of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ and of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ are the same as those of the SRAM disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,239,196 filed by this applicant. The content of U.S. Pat. No. 5,239,196 is incorporated in this specification by reference in its entirety.

The driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ as well as the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ are formed over the main surface of the active region in the p⁻-type well 2 p surrounded by the field insulating film 3. On top of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ and the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ are reference voltage lines (source lines V_(SS)) 16A. The reference voltage lines 16A are connected to the semiconductor regions (source regions) 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ through contact holes 17A made on an insulating film that is on the same layer as the gate insulating film 5 for the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂.

As depicted in FIG. 8, in a sub-array SMA, the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A are formed integrally with the region over the contact holes 17A made on the semiconductor regions (source regions) 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ for each memory cell MC; the reference voltage lines 16A are also formed integrally with the region interconnecting the contact holes 17A. That is, the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A are provided as source lines common to the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ for each memory cell MC. The reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) are formed continuously in the row and column directions to constitute a mesh-like structure. This structure reduces the resistance value of the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A.

The reference voltage lines 16A (V_(SS)) are formed during the process of manufacturing the third layer gate material. As with the gate electrodes 11 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, the reference voltage lines 16A are made illustratively of a polycide film comprising a polycrystalline-silicon film and a high-melting point metal silicide film. The polycrystalline silicon film, formed under the silicide film, is given n-type impurities (phosphorus P or arsenic As) to reduce its resistance value. The high-melting point metal silicide film formed above is made illustratively of WSi_(X), MoSi_(X), TiSi_(X) or TaSi_(X).

Because the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A and the word lines WL are each composed of the polycide film comprising the polycrystalline silicon film and high-melting point metal silicide film, the resistivities of these lines are reduced. This in turn makes operations faster for writing and reading information to and from the memory cells MC and thereby boosts the operating speed of the SRAM.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 8, in the sub-array SMA, pad layers 16B are located in insular fashion over the contact holes 17B formed on one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ of each memory cell MC. FIG. 9 depicts a layout of the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂, the gate electrodes 11 (first word line WL₁ and second word line WL₂) of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A and the pad layers 16B in the area occupied by one memory cell MC. The layout shows how these parts are related to one another.

In the memory cell MC, the load MISFET Qp₁ is located over the driver MISFET Qd₂, and the load MISFET Qp₂ over the driver MISFET Qd₁. Each of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ is constituted by a p-type source region 18P, a drain region 18P, an n-type channel region 18N, a gate insulating film 19 and gate electrodes 20. FIG. 1 includes the source region 18P, drain region 18P, channel region 18N and gate insulating film 19 of the load MISFET Qp₁ as well as the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFET Qd₂.

The channel region 18N of the load MISFET Qp₁ is formed over the driver MISFET Qd₂ with insulating films 21 and 22 interposed therebetween. The channel region 18N of the load MISFET Qp₂ is formed over the driver MISFET Qd₁ also with the insulating films 21 and 22 interposed therebetween. The insulating films 21 and 22 are made illustratively of a silicon oxide film each.

FIG. 10 shows a pattern layout of the channel regions 18N of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂. For a better view, FIG. 10 omits the components located below the channel regions 18N such as the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A, driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂, transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, and the field insulating film 3. The channel regions 18N of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂, formed during the process of manufacturing the fourth layer gate material, are composed of a polycrystal silicon film 18 each. Part (the source side) or all of the polycrystal silicon film 18 is given n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus P). The addition of the impurities to the film 18 sets the threshold voltage of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ for the so-called enhancement type.

At one end of the channel regions 18N for the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ is the drain region 18P; at the other end of the channel regions 18N is the source region 18P. As with the channel regions 18N, the drain and source regions 18P are produced during the process of manufacturing the fourth layer gate material (i.e., polycrystal silicon film 18). The drain and source regions 18P are formed integrally with the channel regions 18N. For the fourth layer gate material (polycrystal silicon film 18), p-type impurities (e.g., BF₂ or boron B) are added to the polycrystal silicon film 18 of the area comprising the drain and source regions 18P.

The gate insulating film 19 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ is formed over the polycrystal silicon film constituting the channel regions 18N, drain regions 18P and source regions 18P of these MISFETs. The gate insulating film 19 is made illustratively of a silicon oxide film.

The gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ are formed over the gate insulating film 19. The gate electrodes 20, formed during the process of manufacturing the fifth layer gate material, are composed illustratively of a polycrystal silicon film. The polycrystal silicon film is given n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus P) to reduce its resistance value.

As shown in FIG. 11, the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ are extended in the row direction. The channel regions 18N of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ are formed in regions different from those of the gate electrodes 20. The drain and source regions 18P are formed elsewhere. For a better view, FIG. 11 omits the components located below the channel regions 18N such as the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A, driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂, transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, and field insulating film 3.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 11 and 12, the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFET Qp₂ are connected to one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₁ (one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₁) via a contact hole 23 formed through the gate insulating film 19 and insulating films 22 and 9. The gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFET Qp₁ are connected to one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₂ (one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₂) via the contact hole 23.

As depicted in FIG. 1, cross sections of the drain regions 18P are exposed above the side wall of the contact hole 23 through which the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFET Qp₂ are connected to one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₁ (one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₁). The exposed drain regions 18P and the gate electrodes 20 are electrically connected on the side wall surface of the contact hole 23. In addition, the main surface part at one end of the gate electrodes 6 for the driver MISFET Qd₂ is exposed above the side wall of the contact hole 23. The exposed gate electrodes 6 and the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFET Qp₂ are electrically connected on the side wall surface of the contact hole 23.

In other words, each contact hole 23 interconnects the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFET Qp₂, one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₁ (one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₁), the drain region 18P of the load MISFET Qp₁, and the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFET Qd₂.

Likewise, though not shown in FIG. 1, cross sections of the drain region 18P of the load MISFET Qp₂ are exposed above the side wall of the contact hole 23 that connects the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFET Qp₁ to one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₂ (one of the semiconductor regions of the transfer MISFET Qt₂). The exposed drain region 18P and the gate electrodes 20 are electrically connected on the side wall surface of the contact hole 23. Furthermore, the main surface part at one end of the gate electrodes 6 for the driver MISFET Qd₁ is exposed above the side wall of the contact hole 23. The exposed gate electrodes 6 and the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFET Qp₁ are electrically connected on the side wall surface of the contact hole 23.

That is, each contact hole 23 interconnects the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFET Qp₁ one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₂ (one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₂), the drain region 18P of the load MISFET Qp₂, and the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFET Qd₁.

As described, each contact hole 23 interconnects one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd (one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt), those gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFET Qd which are composed of the first layer gate material, that drain region 18P of the load MISFET Qp which is made of the fourth layer gate material, and those gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFET Qd which are formed by the fifth layer gate material. Compared with prior art setups where the conductive strips are connected via a plurality of contact holes, this single contact hole structure reduces the memory cell area by the amount equivalent to the multiple contact holes eliminated. This in turn translates into a higher degree of SRAM integration.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 13, supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A are formed over the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ with an insulating film 24 interposed therebetween. The supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A are connected to the source regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ via contact holes 26A made through the insulating film 24. For a better view, FIG. 13 omits the components located below the channel regions 18N of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ such as the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A, driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂, transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, and field insulating film 3.

As shown in FIG. 13, in the sub-array SMA, the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A are formed integrally with and on top of the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ of each memory cell MC. As such, the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A are common to the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂. Holes 27 are formed on part of the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A. The holes 27 are located primarily in regions where the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ of the memory cells MC are not formed. That is, the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A are furnished continuously in the row and column directions so as to cover the memory cells MC.

The supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A, formed during the process of manufacturing the sixth layer gate material, are made illustratively of a polycrystal silicon film. Because the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A are to be connected to the source regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂, the lines are composed of the polycrystal silicon film to which impurities (e.g., BF₂) of the same conductive type as that of the source regions 18P (i.e., p-type) are added.

As depicted in FIG. 4, each memory cell MC has two capacitor elements C. With the SRAM according to this invention, the capacitor elements C are formed between the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ on the one hand, and the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A on the other. That is, the capacitor elements C constitute a stacked structure. In this structure, the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ serve as first electrodes, the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A above the gate electrodes 20 act as second electrodes (plate electrodes), and the insulating film 24 between the gate electrodes 20 and the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A works as a dielectric film. The insulating film 24 illustratively has a layered structure comprising a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film.

As described, the capacitor elements C are formed between the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ on the one hand, and the large-area supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A covering the gate electrodes 20 on the other. These capacitor elements C provide large capacitance that improves the resistance of the memory cells MC to α-ray soft errors.

The supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A are furnished continuously in the row and column directions, and the holes 27 are formed on part of the lines 25A so as to lower the resistivity thereof. This arrangement prevents drops in the supply voltage fed to the memory cells MC via the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A, whereby the SRAM operation is stabilized.

As shown in FIG. 1, over the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A are sub-word lines SWL with an interlayer isolation film 28 interposed therebetween. As depicted in FIG. 14, the sub-word lines SWL are extended over the sub-array SMA in the column direction. One sub-word line SWL is provided to each of the memory cells MC arranged in the row direction. For a better view, FIG. 14 omits the components located below the sub-word lines SWL such as the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂, reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A, driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂, transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, and field insulating film 3.

The sub-word lines SWL, formed during the process of manufacturing the first layer wiring material, are made of a layered structure illustratively comprising a barrier metal film and a high melting-point metal film. The barrier metal film and the high melting-point metal film are composed illustratively of titanium tungsten (TiW) and tungsten (W), respectively. The interlayer isolation film 28 is made of a layered structure illustratively comprising a silicon oxide film and a BPSG (boron-doped phospho-silicate glass) film.

As shown in FIG. 1, an intermediate conductive strip 29A made of the same first layer wiring material as that of the sub-word lines SWL, is formed over one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂. The intermediate conductive strip 29A is connected to the pad layer 16B via a contact hole 30A formed through the interlayer isolation layer 28 and insulating films 24, 22 and 21. The pad layer 16B is formed over one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂. As depicted in FIG. 14, in the sub-array SMA, the intermediate conductive strip 29A is furnished in insular fashion over the contact hole 17B made on one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ for each memory cell MC.

As shown in FIG. 1, complementary data lines DL are formed over the sub-word lines SWL and intermediate conductive strips 29A, with a second layer interlayer isolation film 31 interposed therebetween. The complementary data lines DL are connected to the intermediate conductive strip 29A via the contact hole 32A made on the interlayer isolation film 31.

The complementary data lines DL, formed during the process of manufacturing the second layer wiring material, are made of a three-film layered structure illustratively comprising a barrier metal film, an aluminum alloy film and another-barrier metal film. The barrier metal film is made illustratively of TiW; the aluminum alloy film is illustratively an aluminum body mixed with Cu and Si. The interlayer isolation film 31 is composed of a three-film layered structure illustratively comprising a silicon oxide film, a spin-on glass (SOG) film and another silicon oxide film.

The complementary data lines DL are connected to one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ for the memory cell MC. Of the complementary data lines DL, the first data line DL₁ is connected to one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₁; the second data line DL₂ is connected to one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₂. It is through the intermediate conductive strip 29A and the pad layer 16B that the complementary data lines DL are connected to one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂.

As depicted in FIG. 14, the complementary data lines DL are extended in the row direction over the sub-array SMA. Of the complementary data lines DL, the first data line DL₁ is extended in the row direction over the driver MISFET Qd₁, transfer MISFET Qt₂ and load MISFET Qp₂ of the memory cell MC; the second complementary data line DL₂ is extended in the row direction over the driver MISFET Qd₂, transfer MISFET Qt₁ and load MISFET Qp₁.

As shown in FIG. 1, main word lines MWL are formed over the complementary data lines DL, with a third layer interlayer isolation film 33 interposed therebetween. The main word lines MWL are formed during the process of manufacturing the third layer wiring material. As with the second layer wiring material, the main word lines MWL are made of a three-film layered structure illustratively comprising a barrier metal film, an aluminum alloy film and another barrier metal film. The interlayer isolation film 33 is composed of a four-film layered structure illustratively comprising a silicon oxide film, another silicon oxide film, a spin-on glass film and yet another silicon oxide film.

As shown in FIG. 14, the main word lines MWL are extended in the column direction over the sub-arrays SMA. The main word lines MWL are arranged so as to overlap with the sub-word lines SWL extended in the column direction over the sub-arrays SMA.

As depicted in FIG. 1, a final passivation film 34 is formed over the main word lines MWL. The final passivation film 34 is constituted by a four-film layered structure illustratively comprising a silicon oxide film, another silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film and a polyimide resin film.

The method for manufacturing the above-described SRAM according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 15 through 43. Initially, there is prepared a semiconductor substrate 1 composed of an n⁻-type silicon single crystal having a resistivity of about 10 Ω/cm. The main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 is covered with a silicon oxide film 40. A silicon nitride film 41 is then deposited on the silicon oxide film 40. The silicon oxide film 40 is formed by thermal oxidation to a thickness of 35 to 45 nm. The silicon nitride film 41 is formed by the CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method to a thickness of about 45 to 55 nm.

Next, a photo resist film 42 is formed over the silicon nitride film 41. With the film 42 used as a mask, the silicon nitride film 41 is etched for removal from n-type well forming regions. With the photo resist film 42 again used as a mask, n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus P) are added to the main surface of the n-type well forming regions on the semiconductor substrate 1. Using ion implantation, the phosphorus impurities are added for a density of about 2.0×10¹³/cm² at an energy level of 120 to 130 keV (FIG. 15).

With the photo resist film 42 removed by ashing, the silicon oxide film 40 is allowed to grow on the main surface of the n-type well forming regions over the semiconductor substrate 1. The growth of the silicon oxide film 40 is accomplished by thermal oxidation, with the silicon nitride film 41 in the p⁻-type well forming regions used as an oxidation resisting mask. After its growth, the silicon oxide film 40 reaches a thickness of 130 to 140 nm.

The silicon nitride film 41 is removed by etching with the help of heated phosphoric acid. Thereafter, with the silicon oxide film 40 in the n-type well forming regions used as a mask, p-type impurities (i.e., BF₂) are added to the main surface of the p⁻-type well forming regions over the semiconductor substrate 1. Using ion implantation, the BF₂ impurities are added for a density of about 1.0×10¹³/cm² at an energy level of 60 kev (FIG. 16).

The n- and p-type impurities added to the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 are diffused therein so that the impurities of the n- and p-types form n-type wells 2 n and p⁻-type wells 2 p, respectively. The impurities are allowed to diffuse for about 180 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere at about 1,200° C. (FIG. 17).

The memory cells MC of the SRAM are formed over part of the main surface of the p⁻-type wells 2 p (denoted by MC in FIG. 17) on the semiconductor substrate 1. Of the CNOSs constituting the peripheral circuits, the n-channel type MISFETs are formed in other regions on the main surface of the p⁻-type wells 2 p; the p-channel type MISFETs are formed on the main surface of the n-type wells 2 n.

The silicon oxide film 40 is then removed from the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 by use of etching involving a thin hydrofluoric acid water solution. Thereafter, a new silicon oxide film 43 is formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. A silicon nitride film 44 is deposited on the silicon oxide film 43. The silicon oxide film 43 is formed by thermal oxidation to a thickness of about 10 nm. The silicon nitride film 44 is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 110 to 150 nm. A photo resist film 45 is then formed over the silicon nitride film 44. With the photo resist film 45 used as a mask, the silicon nitride film 44 is removed by etching from element-separating regions of the p⁻-type wells 2 p (FIG. 18).

With the photo resist film 45 removed by ashing, a new photo resist film, not shown, is formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. A dose of p-type impurities (e.g., BF₂) for channel stopper purposes is added to the main surface of the p⁻-type wells 2 p. Using ion implantation, the BF2 impurities are added for a density of about 7.0×10¹³/cm² at an energy level of about 50 keV. Because the new photo resist film and the silicon nitride film 44 act as masks for ion implantation, the BP₂ impurities are added only to the element-separating regions of the p⁻-type wells 2 p.

With the photo resist film removed by ashing, the silicon oxide film. 43 in the element-separating regions is allowed to grow into the field insulating film 3. Specifically, the silicon oxide film 43 is formed to a thickness of 400 to 500 nm through thermal oxidation, with the silicon nitride film 44 used as an oxidation-resisting mask. Channel stopper regions 4 are formed simultaneously under the field insulating film 3 of the p⁻-type wells 2 p. The n-type wells 2 n are less vulnerable to the generation of inverted regions than the p⁻-type wells 2 p and thus provide better element separation. For this reason, there is no need to form channel stopper regions under the field insulating film 3 of the n-type wells 2 n. With the above process completed, the silicon nitride film 44 is removed using heated phosphoric acid from the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 (FIG. 19).

In FIG. 19, reference character (A) represents memory cell forming regions, and reference characters (B) and (C) denote peripheral circuit forming regions.

Of the peripheral circuit forming regions, the region indicated by (B) is a region in which the n-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits are to be formed; the region denoted by (C) is a region in which the p-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits are to be formed.

Next, a silicon oxide film, not shown, is formed over the main surfaces of the active regions of the p⁻-type wells 2 p and n-type wells 2 n. The silicon oxide film is formed by thermal oxidation to a thickness of 12 to 14 nm. Thereafter, the main surfaces of the active regions for the p⁻-type wells 2 p and n-type wells 2 n are fed with impurities (e.g., BF₂) that are intended to adjust the threshold voltage of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ of the memory cell MC. Using ion implantation, the BF₂ impurities are added for a density of about 3.4×10¹³/cm² at an energy level of about 40 keV.

The silicon oxide film is then removed from the main surfaces of the active regions of the p⁻-type wells 2 p and n-type wells 2 n by use of etching involving a thin hydrofluoric acid water solution. The removal of the silicon oxide film is followed by formation of the gate insulating film 5 for the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ of the memory cell MC over the main surfaces of the active regions of the p⁻-type wells 2 p and n-type wells 2 n. The gate insulating film 5 is formed by thermal oxidation to a thickness of about 9 nm.

The entire surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 is then covered with a polycrystal silicon film 46, which constitutes the first layer gate material. The polycrystal silicon film 46 is used as the gate electrodes 6 for the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ of the memory cell MC. The polycrystal silicon film 46 is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 35 to 45 nm. While being deposited, the polycrystal silicon film 46 is given n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus (P)) to reduce its resistance value. The impurity density is about 1×10²⁰/cm² (FIG. 20).

The insulating film 9 made of a silicon oxide film is then formed over the polycrystal silicon film 46. The silicon oxide film (i.e., insulating film 9) is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 120 to 140 nm. The purpose in forming the insulating film 9 is to separate electrically the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ of the memory cell MC from the conductive strips to be formed above the gate electrodes 6. Then the photo resist film 47 formed over the insulating film 9 is used as a mask in etching the insulating film 9 and then the polycrystal silicon film 46 thereunder. This process forms the gate electrodes 6 for the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ of the memory cell MC (FIG. 21).

With the photo resist film 47 removed by ashing, the entire surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 is covered with a silicon oxide film, not shown. The silicon oxide film is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 120 to 140 nm. The silicon oxide film is then etched by the anisotropic etching method such as RIE (reactive ion etching). The process forms side wall spacers 8 over the side walls of the gate electrodes 6 for the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ (FIG. 22).

The formation of the side wall spacers 8 is followed by removal of the gate insulating film 5 through etching involving a thin hydrofluoric acid water solution. Specifically, the gate insulating film 5 is removed from the main surfaces of the active regions for the p⁻-type wells 2 p and n-type wells 2 n except under the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂. After the removal, a new silicon oxide film, not shown, is formed over the main surfaces of the active regions for the p⁻-type wells 2 p and n-type wells 2 n. The silicon oxide film is formed by thermal oxidation to a thickness of about 10 nm.

The main surfaces of the active regions for the p⁻-type wells 2 p and n-type wells 2 n are then fed with impurities (e.g., BF₂) that are intended to adjust the threshold voltage of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC. Using ion implantation, the BF₂ impurities are added for a density of about 1.6×10¹²/cm² at an energy level of about 40 keV.

The addition of the BF₂ impurities is followed by removal of the silicon oxide film through etching involving a thin hydrofluoric acid water solution. Specifically, the silicon oxide film is removed from the main surfaces of the active regions for the p⁻-type wells 2 p and n-type wells 2 n. Thereafter, the gate insulating film 10 is formed over the main surfaces of the active regions for the p⁻-type wells 2 p and n-type wells 2 n. The gate insulating film 10 is furnished for use with each of the transfer MISFET Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC as well as for use with each of the n-channel and p-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits. The gate insulating film 10 is formed by thermal oxidation to a thickness of about 9 nm (FIG. 23).

A second layer gate material, not shown, is then deposited all over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. This gate material is provided as the gate electrodes 11 for use with each of the transfer MISFET Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC as well as for use with each of the n-channel and p-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits. The gate material is made of a polycide film comprising a polycrystal silicon film and a tungsten silicide (WSi_(X)) film. The polycrystal silicon film is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 35 to 45 nm under the tungsten silicide film. While being deposited, the polycrystal silicon film is given n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus (P) to reduce its resistance value. The density of the phosphorus impurities is about 2.5×10²⁰/cm². The tungsten silicide film is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 55 to 65 nm over the polycrystal silicon film.

The insulating film 13 made of a silicon oxide film is then deposited on the second layer gate material (polycide film). The silicon oxide film (i.e., insulating film 13) is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 160 to 200 nm. The insulating film 13 composed of the silicon oxide film is formed in order to separate electrically the gate electrodes 11 for the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC and for the n- and p-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits from the conductive strips to be formed over the electrodes 11.

A photo resist film 48 is then formed over the insulating film 13. With the film 48 used as a mask, the insulating film 13 and the second layer gate material (i.e., polycide film) thereunder are etched successively. The process forms the gate electrodes 11 (and word lines WL) for the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC and for the n- and p-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits (FIG. 24).

With the photo resist film 48 removed by ashing, a new photo resist film, not shown, is formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. The new photo resist film is used as a mask through which to add impurities to the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. More specifically, p-type impurities are first added to the regions where the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC are to be formed, and n-type impurities are then added to the regions where the n-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits are to be formed, over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. The n-type impurities can also be added to the regions where the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ are to be formed, although not required to be added therein. The p-type impurities, illustratively composed of BF₂, are added through ion implantation for a density of about 1×10¹³/cm² at an energy level of about 40 keV. The n-type impurities, illustratively composed of phosphorus P, are added through ion implantation for a density of about 3.5×10¹³/cm² at an energy level of about 50 keV.

With the photoresist film removed by ashing, the n- and p-type impurities added to the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 are allowed to diffuse therein. The process forms n-type semiconductor regions 12 a and p-type semiconductor regions 14 in the source- and drain-forming regions for the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC as well as for the n-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits, over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. Where n-type impurities are added to regions where the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ are to be formed, regions 12 a will also be formed in the source-drain forming regions for the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂.

The n-type semiconductor regions 12 a and p-type semiconductor regions 14 are formed in self-aligned fashion with respect to the gate electrodes 11. The p-type impurities diffuse at a higher speed than the n-type impurities and are implanted with higher energy than the latter. This causes the p-type semiconductor regions 14 to be located under the n-type semiconductor regions 12 a when formed (FIG. 25).

A photo resist film, not shown, is then formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. With this photo resist film used as a mask, n-type impurities are first added, followed by p-type impurities, to that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which covers the regions where the p-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits are to be formed.

The n-type impurities, illustratively composed of phosphorus P, are added through ion implantation for a density of about 7×10¹²/cm² at an energy level of about 100 keV. The p-type impurities, illustratively made of BF₂, are also added through ion implantation for a density of about 5×10¹²/cm² at an energy level of about 40 keV.

With the above photo resist film removed by ashing, the n- and p-type impurities added to the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 are allowed to diffuse therein. This process forms p-type semiconductor regions 50 a and n-type semiconductor regions 51 in the source- and drain-forming regions for the p-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits, over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. The p-type semiconductor regions 50 a and n-type semiconductor regions 51 are formed in self-aligned fashion relative to the gate electrodes 11. Because the n-type impurities are implanted with higher energy than the p-type impurities, the n-type semiconductor regions 51 are located under the p-type semiconductor regions 50 a when formed (FIG. 26).

Then a photo resist film, not shown, is formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. With this photo resist film used as a mask, n-type impurities 100 are added to the regions where the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ of the memory cell MC are to be formed, over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 (FIG. 28). The n-type impurities 100, composed illustratively of phosphorus P, are added through ion implantation for a density of about 3×10¹⁴/cm² at an energy level of about 50 keV.

At the same time, the n-type impurities are also added to the source-forming regions of some of the n-channel MISFETs constituting the peripheral circuits, over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 (FIG. 28). The n-channel MISFETs to which the n-type impurities may be added are limited to the so-called asymmetrical n-channel type MISFETs wherein currents flow only in one direction of each pair of semiconductor regions. The n-type impurities are not to be added to the symmetrical n-channel type MISFETs wherein currents flow in both directions of each pair of semiconductor regions.

Of the peripheral circuits of the SRAM, the sense amplifier circuits SA in a corner of the memory block MB and the circuits associated with these sense amplifier circuits are illustratively shown in FIG. 27. In FIG. 27, the n-channel type MISFETs enclosed by thick broken lines (i.e., in the Y-selector YSW, multiplexer MP, data bus multiplexer DBMP, etc.) are of the symmetrical structure each; the n-channel MISFETs in the other regions (i.e., in the bit line load circuit BLC, write recovery circuit WRC, equalizer EQ, sense amplifiers A(1) and A(2), main amplifier MA, output buffer DOB, output MOS, etc.) are of the asymmetrical structure each. Thus the n-type impurities are added only to the source-forming regions of the n-channel type MISFETs excluding the n-channel type MISFETs within the regions enclosed by the thick broken lines in FIG. 27.

With the above photo resist film removed by ashing, a silicon oxide film, not shown, is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. The silicon oxide film is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 140 to 160 nm. Thereafter, the silicon oxide film is etched by the anisotropic etching method such as RIE. The process forms side wall spacers 15 over the side walls of the gate electrodes 11 (word lines WL) for the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC as well as for the n- and p-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits (FIG. 28).

With the side wall spacers 15 thus furnished, a photo resist film, not shown, is formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. This photo resist film is used as a mask through which n-type impurities are added: to the regions where the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ of the memory cell MC are to be formed; to the regions where the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ are to be formed; and to the regions where the n-channel MISFETs of the peripheral circuits are to be formed, over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. The n-type impurities, typically composed of arsenic (As), are applied through ion implantation for a density of about 3×10¹⁵/cm² at an energy level of about 50 keV.

With the above photo resist film removed by ashing, the n-type impurities added to the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 are allowed to diffuse therein. Two kinds of n-type impurities (phosphorus(P) (n-type impurities 100) and arsenic (As)) having different diffusion rates and different densities are implanted in that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions where the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ of the memory cell MC are to be formed. This causes the As impurities to form n⁺-type semiconductor regions 7 b of high impurity density, and the P impurities (n-type impurities 100) to form n-type semiconductor regions 7 a under the regions 7 b. The impurity density of the n-type semiconductor regions 7 a is lower than that of the n⁺-type semiconductor regions 7 b. Allowing these impurities to diffuse where appropriate completes the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ of the double diffused drain structure (and the source regions of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂). The n⁺-type semiconductor regions 7 b and the n-type semiconductor regions 7 a are formed in self-aligned fashion with respect to the side wall spacers 8 furnished on the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ and the side walls associated therewith (FIG. 29).

Only the As impurities are added to that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions where the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC are to be formed. Upon addition, the As impurities form n⁺-type semiconductor regions 12 b of high impurity density. The n⁺-type semiconductor regions 12 b are formed in self-aligned fashion relative to the side wall spacers 15 furnished on the gate electrodes 11 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ and the side walls associated therewith. In the previous process, the n-type semiconductor regions 12 a (and p-type semiconductor regions 14) of low impurity density were formed in that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions where the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ are to be formed. The diffusion of the impurities in these regions completes the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ having the semiconductor regions 12 of the LDD structure (FIG. 29).

Only the As impurities are added to that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions for accommodating n-channel type MISFETs Qn₁ of the above-mentioned symmetrical structure among the n-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits. Upon addition, the As impurities form n⁺-type semiconductor regions 12 b of high impurity density. The n⁺-type semiconductor regions 12 b are formed in self-aligned fashion relative to the side wall spacers 15 furnished on the gate electrodes 11 of the n-channel type MISFETs and the side walls associated therewith. In the previous process, the n-type semiconductor regions 12 a (and p-type semiconductor regions 14) of low impurity density were formed in that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions where the n-channel type MISFETs are to be formed. The diffusion of the impurities in these regions completes the n-channel type MISFETs Qn₁ of the LDD structure (FIG. 29).

As described, the n-channel type MISFETs Qn₁ among the n-channel type. MISFETs of the peripheral circuits are of the LDD structure, and the p-type semiconductor regions 14 of low impurity density are formed under the n-type semiconductor regions 12 a of low impurity density. This arrangement suppresses the short channel effect. That in turn reduces the occupied area of the n-channel type MISFETs Qn₁ and that of the memory cells MC, whereby the degree of integration of the SRAM is enhanced.

The P impurities (n-type impurities 100) and the As impurities are added to that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions for accommodating the source-forming regions of n-channel type MISFETs Qn₂ of the above-mentioned asymmetrical structure among the n-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits. Upon addition, the As impurities form n⁺-type semiconductor regions 7 b of high impurity density in the source-forming regions; the P impurities cause n-type semiconductor regions 7 a to be formed under the n⁺-type semiconductor regions 7 b. The n-type semiconductor regions 7 a and n⁺-type semiconductor regions 7 b are formed in self-aligned fashion with respect to the side wall spacers 15 furnished on the gate electrodes 11 of the n-channel type MISFETs and the side walls associated therewith. In the previous process, the n-type semiconductor regions 12 a (and p-type semiconductor regions 14) of low impurity density were formed in that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions where the n-channel type MISFETs are to be formed. The diffusion of the impurities in these regions completes the n-channel type MISFETs Qn₂ wherein one of the semiconductor regions 12 (drain region) is of the LDD structure and the other semiconductor region 12 (source region) is of the dual diffused drain structure (FIG. 30). The n-type semiconductor regions 7 a have a higher impurity density than the n-type semiconductor regions 12 a or p-type semiconductor regions 14.

As described, the n-channel type MISFETs Qn₂ of the asymmetrical structure among the n-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits have one of the semiconductor regions (source region) formed in the double diffused drain structure. This arrangement lowers the resistance value of the semiconductor region (source region) 12 and thereby prevents voltage drops. That in turn makes operations faster for writing and reading data to and from the memory cell MC, whereby the operating speed of the SRAM is improved.

Because the p-type semiconductor regions 14 of low impurity density are formed under the n-type semiconductor regions 12 a of low impurity density, the short channel effect is inhibited. This makes it possible to reduce the occupied area of the n-channel type MISFETs Qn₂ and that of the memory cells MC, whereby the degree of integration of the SRAM is boosted.

Next, a photo resist film, not shown, is formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. This photo resist film is used as a mask through which to make holes: through the insulating film over one of the semiconductor regions (source region) 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ of the memory cell MC (i.e., the insulating film formed by the same process as that for forming the gate insulating film 5 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂); through the insulating film over one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ (i.e., the insulating film formed by the same process as that for forming the gate insulating film 10 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂); and through the insulating film over one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 12 of the n-channel type MISFETs Qn of the peripheral circuits (i.e., the insulating film formed by the same process as that for forming the gate insulating film 10 of the n-channel type MISFETs Qn). The holes thus made constitute: a contact hole 17A on one of the semiconductor regions (source region) 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂; a contact hole 17B on one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂; and a contact hole 17C on one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 12 of the n-channel type MISFETs Qn for the peripheral circuits.

With the above photo resist film removed by ashing, a third layer gate material, not shown, is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. The gate material is made of a polycide film comprising a polycrystal silicon film and a tungsten silicide (WSi_(X)) film. The polycrystal silicon film, located under the tungsten silicide film, is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 25 to 35 nm. While being deposited, the polycrystal silicon film is given n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus (P) to reduce its resistance value. The density of the P impurities is about 2.5×10²⁰/cm². The tungsten silicide film located above the polycrystal silicon film is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 35 to 45 nm.

An insulating film 21 made illustratively of a silicon oxide film is then deposited over the third layer gate material (polycide film). This silicon oxide film is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 125 to 155 nm. After a photo resist film 49 is deposited over the insulating film 21, the film 49 is used as a mask through which to etch successively the insulating film 21 and then the third layer gate material (polycide film) thereunder. The process forms: the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A connected via the contact hole 17A to one of the semiconductor regions (source regions) 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ of the memory cell MC; the pad layer 16B connected via the contact hole 17B to one of the semiconductor regions (drain regions) of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂; and the pad layer 16C connected via the contact hole 17C to one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) of the n-channel type MISFETs Qn for the peripheral circuits (FIG. 31).

The reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A and the pad layers 16B and 16C may be formed by the phase-shift lithography technique described in IEDM, Tech. Dig., pp. 477-480, 1990. What is described in this publication is outlined below for reference.

With the photo resist film 49 removed by ashing, a silicon oxide film, not shown, is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. The silicon oxide film is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 110 to 130 nm. Thereafter, the silicon oxide film is etched by the anisotropic etching method such as RIE. The etching process forms side wall spacers 52 (FIG. 32) on one of the side walls for the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ of the memory cell MC; on the side walls of the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A (and of the insulating film 21 thereabove); on one of the side walls of the gate electrodes 11 (word lines WL) for the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂; on the side walls of the pad layer 16B (and of the insulating layer 21 thereabove); on one of the side walls of the gate electrodes 11 for the n-channel type MISFETs Qn of the peripheral circuits; and on the side walls of the pad layer 16C (and of the insulating film 21 thereabove).

After an insulating film 22 made of a silicon oxide film is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1, a polycrystal silicon film 53, which constitutes the fourth layer gate material, is furnished over the insulating film 22 (FIG. 33), The silicon oxide film and the polycrystal silicon film 53 are formed by the CVD method to a thickness of about 20 nm each. The polycrystal silicon film 53 is used as a conductive strip constituting the channel regions 18N, drain regions 18P and source regions 18P for the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ of the memory cell MC.

Then n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus (P)) are added to the polycrystal silicon film 53. The P impurities are added through ion implantation for a density of about 1×10¹²/cm² at an energy level of 20 keV. The purpose in applying the P impurities is to set the threshold voltage of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ for the enhancement type.

With the n-type impurities added, a photo resist film, not shown, is formed over the polycrystal silicon film 53. This photo resist film is used as a mask through which to add p-type impurities (e.g., BF₂) to part of the polycrystal silicon film 53. The BF₂ impurities are added through ion implantation for a density of 1×10¹²/cm² at an energy level of about 20 keV. When added in this manner, the BF₂ impurities form the drain and the source regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂. The channel regions 18N of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ are formed interposingly between the drain regions 18P and the source regions 18P. The drain regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ constitute the so-called offset structure, i.e., they do not overlap with the gate electrodes 20. On the other hand, the source regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ are constructed to overlap with the gate electrodes 20.

With the above photo resist film removed by ashing, a new photo resist film 54 is formed over the polycrystal silicon film 53. The photo resist film 54 is used as a mask through which to etch the polycrystal silicon film 53. The etching process forms the channel regions 18N, drain regions 18P and source regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ (FIG. 34).

After the photo resist film 54 is removed by ashing, a new photo resist film 55 is formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. The photo resist film 55 is used as a mask through which to add p-type impurities to that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions where the p-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits are to be formed. Adding the p-type impurities forms p⁺-type semiconductor regions 50 b of high impurity density. The p-type impurities, typically composed of BF₂, are added through ion implantation for a density of about 2×10¹⁵/cm² at an energy level of about 60 keV.

The p+-type semiconductor regions 50 b are formed in self-aligned fashion relative to the gate electrodes 11 of the p-channel type MISFETs, to the side wall spacers 15 and 52 formed on the side walls of the gate electrodes 11, and to the insulating film 22. In the previous process, the p-type semiconductor regions 50 a (and n-type semiconductor regions 51) of low impurity density were formed over that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions where the p-channel type MISFETs are to be formed. In this arrangement, the p-type semiconductor regions 50 a and p⁺-type semiconductor regions 50 b furnished as described constitute the semiconductor regions (source and drain regions) of the p-channel type MISFETs. This completes the p-channel type MISFETs Qp of the LDD structure (FIG. 35).

As described, the p-channel MISFETs Qn of the peripheral circuits are furnished in the LDD structure, and the n-type semiconductor regions 51 of low impurity density are located under the p-type semiconductor regions 50 a of low impurity density. This arrangement suppresses the short channel effect. That in turn reduces the occupied area of the p-channel type MISFETs Qp and that of the memory cells MC, whereby the degree of integration of the SRAM is enhanced.

After the photo resist film 55 is removed by ashing, the gate insulating film 19 for the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ of the memory cell MC is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. The gate insulating film, made of a silicon oxide film, is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 35 to 45 nm.

A photo resist film, not shown, is then formed over the gate insulating film 19. This photo resist film is used as a mask through which to etch successively the gate insulating film 19 for the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ of the memory cell MC, the drain regions 18P, the insulating film 22, and the insulating film 9. The etching process forms a contact hole 23 (FIG. 36) over the main surface of one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 for the driver MISFET Qd₁ of the memory cell MC (one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₁), and over the main surface of one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 for the driver MISFET Qd₂ (one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₂). As shown in FIG. 36, above the side wall of the contact hole 23, there are exposed the cross sections of the drain regions 18P for the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ as well as the main surface part at one end of the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂.

With the above photo resist film removed by ashing, a polycrystal silicon film, which constitutes the fifth layer gate material but is not shown, is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. This polycrystal silicon film is used as a first electrode for the gate electrodes 20 and capacitor elements C of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ for the memory cell MC.

The polycrystal silicon film is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 65 to 75 nm. While being deposited, the polycrystal silicon film is given n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus P) to reduce its resistance value. The density of the P impurities is 1×10²⁰ to 1×10²¹/cm².

After a photo resist film, not shown, is further formed on the polycrystal silicon film, that photo resist film is used as a mask through which to etch the polycrystal silicon film below. The etching process forms the gate electrodes 20 (and the first electrode of capacitor elements C) of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂. This completes the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂. After this, the photo resist film is removed by ashing (FIG. 37).

With the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFET Qp₂ thus formed, the contact hole 23 interconnects the gate electrodes 20, one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₁ (one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₁), the drain region 18P of the load MISFET Qp₁, and the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFET Qd₂. Likewise, upon formation of the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFET Qp₁, the contact hole 23 interconnects the gate electrodes 20, one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₂ (one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₂), the drain region 18P of the load MISFET Qp₂, and the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFET Qd₁.

As described, it is not a plurality of contact holes but the single contact hole 23 that interconnects one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd (one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt) on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1, those gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd which are composed of the first layer gate material, that drain region 18P of the load MISFETs Qp which is made of the fourth layer gate material, and those gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp which are constituted by the fifth layer gate material. It obviously takes fewer steps to form one contact hole instead of a plurality of contact holes through which the conductive strips would be interconnected. This translates into fewer processes required in manufacturing the SRAM.

Next, the insulating film 24 is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. The insulating film 24 is used as a dielectric film of the capacitor elements C. The insulating film 24 is made of a layered structure comprising a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film. The silicon oxide film located under the silicon nitride film is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 9 to 11 nm. The silicon nitride film above is formed also by the CVD method to a thickness of 9 to 11 nm. The silicon nitride film in the upper layer acts as a barrier film that prevents entry of moisture into the channel region 18N of the load MISFETs Qp. This arrangement suppresses fluctuations in the threshold voltage of the load MISFETs Qd, whereby the circuit operation of the load MISFETs Qd is enhanced in reliability.

A photo resist film, not shown, is then formed over the insulating film 24. This photo resist film is used as a mask through which to etch the insulating film 24 below. The etching process forms a contact hole 26A on the source regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂, and a contact hole 26B on one of the semiconductor regions 50 for the p-channel type MISFETs Qp of the peripheral circuits. Thereafter, the photo resist film is removed by ashing.

Now a polycrystal silicon film of the sixth layer gate material is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. This polycrystal silicon film is used as a pad layer 25B over the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A, over the second electrode (plate electrode) of the capacitor elements C, and over one of the semiconductor regions 50 for the p-channel type MISFETs Qp of the peripheral circuits. The polycrystal silicon film is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 65 to 75 nm. A dose of p-type impurities (e.g., BF₂) is added to the polycrystal silicon film to reduce its resistance value. The BF₂ impurities are added through ion implantation for a density of about 3×10¹⁵/cm² at an energy level of about 40 keV.

A photo resist film, not shown, is then formed over the polycrystal silicon film. This photo resist film is used as a mask through which to etch the polycrystal silicon film below. The etching process forms the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A, capacitor elements C and pad layer 25B, and makes a hole 27 on part of the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A. The supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A are connected via the contact hole 26A to the source regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ of the memory cell CM. The pad layer 25B is connected via the contact hole 26B to one of the semiconductor regions 50 of the p-channel type MISFETs Qp for the peripheral circuits. Thereafter, the photo resist film is removed by ashing (FIG. 39).

The interlayer isolation film 28 is then deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. The interlayer isolation film is constituted by a layered structure comprising a silicon oxide film and a BPSG film. The silicon oxide film located under the BPSG film is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 90 to 110 nm. The BPSG film of the upper layer is formed also by the CVD method to a thickness of 270 to 330 nm. After the BPSG film is deposited, the semiconductor substrate 1 is annealed for about 20 minutes illustratively in a nitrogen atmosphere at about 850° C. The annealing process flattens the surface of the BPSG film.

A photo resist film, not shown, is then formed over the interlayer isolation film 28. This photo resist film is used as a mask through which to etch the interlayer isolation film 28 and the insulating films 24, 19 and 22. The etching process forms the contact hole 30A on one of the semiconductor regions 12 for the MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC. At the same time, a contact hole 30B is formed on one of the semiconductor regions 12 for the n-channel type MISFETs Qn of the peripheral circuits, and a contact hole 30C is formed on one of the semiconductor regions 50 of the p-channel type MISFETs Qp. After this, the photo resist film is removed by ashing (FIG. 40).

The first layer wiring material is then deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. This wiring material is composed of a layered structure comprising a TiW film (lower layer) and a W film (upper layer). The TiW film and the W film are each formed by sputtering, with the W film allowed to grow to a thickness of about 300 nm. Then a photo resist film, not shown, is formed over the wiring material. This photo resist film is used as a mask through which to etch the wiring material below. The etching process forms the sub-word lines SWL and intermediate conductive strip 29A over the sub-arrays SMA, and the wiring 29B and 29C over the peripheral circuits. After the etching, the photo resist film is removed by ashing.

The intermediate conductive strip 29A is connected via the contact hole 30A to the pad layer 16B, and also connected via the contact hole 17B to one of the semiconductor regions 12 for the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC. The wiring 29B is connected via the contact hole 30B to the pad layer 16C, and also connected via the contact hole 17C to one of the semiconductor regions 12 for the n-channel type MISFETs Qn of the peripheral circuits. The wiring 29C is connected via the contact hole 30C to the pad layer 25B, and also connected via the contact hole 26B to one of the semiconductor regions 50 for the p-channel type MISFETs Qp of the peripheral circuits (FIG. 41).

The second layer interlayer isolation film 31 is then deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. This interlayer isolation film 31 is made of a three-film layered structure comprising a silicon oxide film, a spin-on glass film and another silicon film. The silicon oxide film of the lower layer is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 90 to 110 nm. The spin-on glass film of the middle layer is deposited by the spin-on method to a thickness of about 200 nm. After being deposited, the spin-on glass film is subjected to an etch-back process to have its surface flattened. The silicon oxide film of the upper layer is formed by the CVD method to a thickness of 360 to 440 nm.

A photo resist film, not shown, is then formed over the interlayer isolation film 31. This photo resist film is used as a mask through which to etch the interlayer isolation film 31 below. The etching process produces the contact hole 32A on the sub-array SMA and the contact holes 32B and 32C on the peripheral circuits.

After the above photo resist film is removed by ashing, the second layer wiring material is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. This wiring material is made of a three-film layered structure comprising a barrier metal film, an aluminum alloy film and another barrier metal film. The barrier metal film is composed of TiW, and the aluminum (Al) alloy film is formed by an aluminum body mixed with Cu and Si. The TiW film and Al alloy film are formed by sputtering each, with the Al alloy film allowed to grow to a thickness of about 300 nm.

A photo resist film, not shown, is then formed over the wiring material. This photo resist film is used as a mask through which to etch the wiring material below. The etching process produces the complementary data lines DL (first data line DL₁ and second data line DL₂) over the sub-arrays SMA, and wiring portions 56A and 56B over the peripheral circuits. Thereafter, the photo resist film is removed by ashing.

Of the complementary data lines DL, the first data line DL₁ is connected via the contact hole 32A to the intermediate conductive strip 29A, via the contact hole 30A to the pad layer 16B, and via the contact hole 17B to one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 12 for the transfer MISFET Qt₁ of the memory cell MC. The second data line DL₂ is connected via the contact hole 32A to the intermediate conductive strip 29A, via the contact hole 30A to the pad layer 16B, and via the contact hole 17B to one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₂.

As described, the complementary data lines DL are connected via the intermediate conductive strip 29A and pad layer 16B to one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) of the transfer MISFETs Qt. This connective arrangement eliminates the need for margins of alignment for the contact holes 32A, 30A and 17B, whereby the area of the semiconductor regions (drain regions) 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt is reduced.

The arrangement above also translates into a less occupied area of the memory cells MC and thus into a higher degree of integration of the SRAM. With the capacity of the semiconductor regions (drain regions) 12 of the transfer MISFETs Qt lowered in this manner, it takes less time to write and read data to and from the memory cells MC. That is, the operating speed of the SRAM is boosted.

The wiring portion 56A is connected via the contact hole 32B to the wiring portion 29B, via the contact hole 30B to the pad layer 16C, and via the contact hole 17C to one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the n-channel type MISFETs Qn for the peripheral circuits. The wiring portion 56B is connected via the contact hole 32C to the wiring portion 29C, via the contact hole 30C to the pad layer 25B, and via the contact hole 26B to one of the semiconductor regions 50 of the p-channel type MISFETs Qp for the peripheral circuits (FIG. 42).

As described, the wiring portion 56A is connected via the wiring portion 29B and pad layer 16C to one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the n-channel type MISFETs Qn for the peripheral circuits. This connective arrangement eliminates the need for margins of alignment for the contact holes 32B, 30B and 17C, whereby the area of the semiconductor regions (drain regions) 12 of the n-channel type MISFETs Qn is reduced.

The arrangement above also translates into a less occupied area of the peripheral circuits and thus into a higher degree of integration of the SRAM. With the capacity of the semiconductor regions 12 of the n-channel type MISFETs Qn for the peripheral circuits lowered in this manner, the speed at which to write and read data to and from the memory cells MC is made higher. That is, the operating speed of the SRAM is improved.

Also as described, the wiring portion 56B is connected via the wiring portion 29C and pad layer 25B to one of the semiconductor regions 50 of the p-channel type MISFETs op for the peripheral circuits. This connective arrangement eliminates the need for margins of alignment for the contact holes 32C and 26B, whereby the area of the semiconductor regions 50 for the p-channel type MISFETs Qp of the peripheral circuits is reduced.

The arrangement above also translates into a less occupied area of the peripheral circuits and thus into a higher degree of integration of the SRAM. With the capacity of the semiconductor regions 12 of the p-channel type MISFETs Qp for the peripheral circuits lowered in this manner, the speed at which to write and read data to and from the memory cells MC is made higher. That is, the operating speed of the SRAM is enhanced.

The third layer interlayer isolation film 33 is then deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. The interlayer isolation film 33 is made illustratively of a four-film layered structure comprising a silicon oxide film, another silicon oxide film, a spin-on glass film and yet another silicon oxide film. The silicon oxide film is formed by the CVD method. The spin-on glass film of the middle layer is deposited by the spin-on method to a thickness of about 200 nm. After being deposited, the spin-on glass film is subjected to the etch-back process to have its surface flattened.

The third layer wiring material is then deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. This wiring material is composed of a three-film layered structure comprising a barrier metal film, an aluminum alloy film and another barrier metal film. The barrier metal film is made of TiW, and the aluminum alloy film is formed by an aluminum body mixed with Cu and Si. The TiW film and the aluminum alloy film are formed by sputtering each, with the aluminum alloy film allowed to grow to a thickness of about 800 nm.

A photo resist film, not shown, is then formed over the above-mentioned wiring material. This photo resist film is used as a mask through which to etch the wiring material below. The etching process produces the main word lines MWL on the sub-arrays SMA. After the photo resist film is removed by ashing, the final passivation film 34 is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. The final passivation film 34 is made of a four-film layered structure comprising a silicon oxide film, another silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film and a polyimide resin film. The silicon oxide film and the silicon nitride film are formed by the CVD method each. The polyimide resin film is deposited by the spin-on method to a thickness of about 10,000 nm (FIG. 43).

The above-described processes complete manufacture of the SRAM according to the invention.

[Second Embodiment]

Described below is an SRAM practiced as the second embodiment of the invention. In the second embodiment, portions of the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A furnished as the source lines common to the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ for the memory cells MC differ in shape from the comparable portions of the first embodiment.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 44 and 45, some portions of the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A formed during the process of manufacturing the third layer gate material (the encircled portions in FIG. 45) are extended in the row direction. The reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A and the gate electrodes 11 (word lines WL₁) enclose the upper part of one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₁ (i.e., one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₁). Likewise, the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A and the gate electrodes 11 (word lines WL₂) enclose the upper part of one of the semiconductor regions (drain region) 7 of the driver MISFET Qd₂ (i.e., one of the semiconductor regions 12 of the transfer MISFET Qt₂). The silicon oxide film 21 as thick as 125 to 155 nm is formed over the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A, and another silicon oxide film 13 with a thickness of 100 to 200 nm is deposited over the word lines WL. That is, the semiconductor regions (drain regions) 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ are surrounded by these thick silicon oxide films 13 and 21.

The arrangement above provides greater margins of alignment than before in forming the contact hole 23 interconnecting a plurality of regions and gate electrodes. The regions and gate electrodes to be interconnected via the contact hole 23 on the semiconductor region (drain region) 7 of one driver MISFET Qd include: the semiconductor region (drain region) 7, the drain region 18P of one load MISFET Qp, the gate electrode 20 of the other load MISFET Qp, and the gate electrode 6 of the other driver MISFET Qd.

Even if the positions in which to form the contact hole 23 are misaligned, those portions of the silicon oxide films 13 and 21 which are removed by etching are sufficiently small in quantity compared with the thicknesses of these films. That is, the silicon oxide films 13 and 21 act as buffer layers for the etching process. This makes it possible to reduce the occupied area of the semiconductor regions (drain regions) 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd as well as the occupied area of the memory cells MC, whereby the degree of integration of the SRAM is enhanced.

[Third Embodiment]

The memory cells MC of the SRAM practiced as the first embodiment of the invention have two capacitor elements C between the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ on the one hand, and the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A on the other. (The gate electrodes 20 are formed during the process of manufacturing the fifth layer gate material, and the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A are furnished during the process of producing the sixth layer gate material.) By contrast, as shown in FIG. 46, the SRAM practiced as the third embodiment of the invention involves having two capacitor elements C between the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ on the one hand, and the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A on the other, the lines 16A being connected to the source regions 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂.

As such, the capacitor elements C of the third embodiment constitute a stacked structure. In this structure, the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ act as the first electrodes, and the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A as the second electrodes (plate electrodes). Furthermore, the insulating film between the gate electrodes 6 and the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A serves as a dielectric film.

A specific method for manufacturing the capacitor elements C according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 47 through 53. From the description that follows, the method for manufacturing the n- and p-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits is omitted.

As with the first embodiment, the gate insulating film 5 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ for the memory cells MC is first formed over the main surface of the active regions for the p⁻-type wells 2 p of the semiconductor substrate 1. After this, a polycrystal silicon film, which constitutes the first layer gate material but is not shown, is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. A photo resist film 57 formed over the polycrystal silicon film is used as a mask through which to etch the polycrystal silicon film below. The etching process forms the gate electrodes 6 for the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ (FIG. 47).

With the above photo resist film removed by ashing, an insulating film 58 is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1 (FIG. 48). The insulating film 58 is made of a layered structure comprising a silicon oxide film (lower layer) and a silicon nitride film (upper layer) formed illustratively by the CVD method each. Alternatively, the insulating film 58 may be composed of a silicon nitride film alone.

A polycrystal silicon film 59, which constitutes the second layer gate material, is deposited by the CVD method all over the semiconductor substrate 1 (FIG. 49). While being deposited, the polycrystal silicon film 59 is given n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus P) to reduce its resistance value.

Although not shown, the main surface of the active regions for the p⁻-type wells 2 p on the semiconductor substrate 1 is fed with impurities that are intended to control the threshold value of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂. With the impurities added, a thin hydrofluoric acid water solution is used to etch the silicon oxide film for removal from the main surface of the active regions for the p⁻-type wells 2 p. Then the gate insulating film 10 is formed anew by thermal oxidation.

The third layer gate material, not shown, is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. With a photo resist film formed after the deposition, that photo resist film is used as a mask to etch the third layer gate material below. The etching process forms the gate electrodes 11 (and word lines WL) of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂. The gate electrodes 11 (and word lines WL) are made of a polycide film comprising a polycrystal silicon film and a tungsten silicide (WSi_(X)) film. While being deposited, the polycrystal silicon film of the lower layer is given n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus (p)) to reduce its resistance value.

After the above photo resist film is removed by ashing, a new photo resist film, not shown, is formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. The new photo resist film is used as a mask through which to add successively p-type impurities (e.g., BF₂) and then n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus P) to that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions for accommodating the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂. Thereafter, the photo resist film is removed by ashing. The n- and p-type impurities added to the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 are allowed to diffuse therein. Diffusion of the impurities forms the n-type semiconductor regions 12 a and p-type semiconductor regions 14 over that main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the source- and drain-forming regions of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂.

A photo resist film, not shown, is formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. This photo resist film is used as a mask through which to add n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus (p)) to that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions for accommodating the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂. After the above photo resist film is removed by ashing, a new photo resist film, not shown, is formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. The new photo resist film is used as a mask through which to add n-type impurities (e.g., arsenic (As)) to that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions for accommodating the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂.

With the above photo resist film removed by ashing, the n-type impurities added to the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 are allowed to diffuse therein. Two kinds of n-type impurities (phosphorus (P) and arsenic (As) having different diffusion rates and different densities have by this time been added to that main surface part of the semiconductor substrate 1 which includes the regions for accommodating the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂. The As impurities form the n⁺-type semiconductor regions 7 b of high impurity density, and the P impurities form the n-type semiconductor regions 7 a of low impurity density under the regions 7 b. This in turn forms the semiconductor regions (source and drain regions) 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. Now the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ are complete (FIG. 50).

After a photo resist film 60 is formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1, that film 60 is used as a mask through which to etch the polycrystal silicon film (i.e., second layer gate material) above the insulating film 58. The etching process leaves intact the polycrystal silicon film 59 in such a way that it covers the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ (FIG. 51). The insulating film 58 under the polycrystal silicon film 59 is composed of a silicon nitride film (and a silicon oxide film thereunder). That silicon nitride film acts as a stopper against etching, leaving the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ intact.

An insulating film 61 is then deposited all over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1. The insulating film 61 comprises a silicon oxide film formed by the CVD method. A photo resist film 62, after being formed over the insulating film 61, is used as a mask with which to bore a hole through the insulating film 61, insulating film 58 and gate insulating film 5. This is the contact hole 17A made on one of the semiconductor regions (source region) 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ (FIG. 52).

After the above photo resist film 62 is removed by ashing, the fourth layer gate material, not shown, is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. The gate material is made of a polycide film comprising a polycrystal silicon film and a tungsten silicide (WSi_(X)) film. While being deposited, the polycrystal silicon film is given n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus (P)) to reduce its resistance value.

Then a photo resist film 63 is formed over the fourth layer gate material (polycide film). The photo resist film 63 is used as a mask through which to etch the fourth layer gate material (polycide film) from the top component film downward. The etching process forms the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A that are connected via the contact hole 17A to one of the semiconductor regions (source region) 7 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂. At the same time, capacitor elements C are formed in a stacked structure (FIG. 53). In this structure, the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ act as the first electrodes and the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A as the second electrodes (plate electrodes). The insulating films 58 and 61 serve as dielectric films between the gate electrodes 6 and the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A.

The capacitor elements C of the third embodiment described above are arranged so that the polycrystal silicon film 59 over the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ are connected via the side wall of the contact hole 17B to the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A. This connective arrangement makes effectively thinner the dielectric films (insulating films 58 and 61) between the gate electrodes 6 and the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A. That in turn provides for a greater capacity of the capacitor elements C, whereby the resistance of the memory cells MC to α-ray soft errors is improved.

[Fourth Embodiment]

FIG. 54 is a partial plan view of a sub-array pattern layout of a semiconductor integrated circuit device (SRAM in this case) practiced as the fourth embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 54, the memory cells MC of the SRAM are arranged in such a way that the first conductive strip formed over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 1 constitutes the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂. In the same arrangement, the second conductive strip formed over the gate electrodes 6 constitutes the gate electrodes 11 (word lines WL) of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, and the third conductive strip formed over the gate electrodes 11 (word lines WL) constitutes the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A.

As depicted in FIG. 55, the fourth conductive strip formed over the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A constitutes the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂. The fifth conductive strip formed over the gate electrodes 20 constitutes the source regions 18P, channel regions 18N and drain regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂. The fifth conductive strip also constitutes the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A. That is, the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A are formed integrally with the source regions 18P, channel regions 18N and drain regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂.

As described, the difference between the fourth and the first embodiments is that in the memory cell layout, the conductive strip constituting the source regions 18P, channel regions 18N and drain regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂, and the conductive strip constituting the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂, are switched in the vertical direction between the two embodiments. For a better view, FIG. 55 omits such components under the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ as the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A, driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂, transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, and field insulating film 3.

A typical method for manufacturing the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ of the fourth embodiment will now be described with reference to FIGS. 56 through 59. The description that follows excludes the explanation of the method for manufacturing the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A, driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂ and transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂ of the memory cell MC. Also excluded is the explanation of the method for manufacturing the n- and p-channel type MISFETs of the peripheral circuits.

A polycrystal silicon film, not shown, is initially deposited over an insulating film 64 of the semiconductor substrate 1 as the fourth layer gate material. Under the insulating film 64 are the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A composed of the third layer gate material, not shown. The polycrystal silicon film is formed by the CVD method. While being deposited, the polycrystal silicon film is given n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus P) to reduce its resistance value. A photo resist film 65 is then formed over the polycrystal silicon film. The photo resist film 65 is used as a mask through which to etch the polycrystal silicon film-below. The etching process forms the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ (FIG. 56).

After the photo resist film 65 is removed by ashing, a silicon oxide film, not shown, is deposited all over the semiconductor substrate 1. The silicon oxide film is etched by the anisotropic etching method such as RIE. The etching process produces side wall spacers 66 on the side walls of the gate electrodes 20 for the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ (FIG. 57).

The gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ are then subjected to thermal oxidation, which produces a gate insulating film 67 for the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ over the gate electrodes 20 (FIG. 58). The thermal oxidation process rounds the edges of the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ as a result of heat-induced deformation.

After the thermal oxidation, a polycrystal silicon film constituting the fifth layer gate material is deposited by the CVD method all over the semiconductor substrate 1. Then n-type impurities (e.g., phosphorus (P)) are added through ion implantation to the polycrystal silicon film in order to set the threshold voltage of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ for the enhancement type. With the ion implantation finished, a photo resist film 68 is formed over the polycrystal silicon film. This photo resist film 68 is used as a mask through which to add p-type impurities (e.g., BF₂) to part of the polycrystal silicon film. Addition of the p-type impurities forms the drain and the source regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂. The channel regions 18N of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ are formed between the drain and the source regions 18P. This completes the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ (FIG. 59).

The load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ of the fourth embodiment formed as described have the side walls of their gate electrodes 20 protected by the side wall spacers 66 and have the edges of the gate electrodes 20 rounded by thermal oxidation. This structure improves the dielectric strength of the gate insulating film 67 formed over the gate electrodes 20. In addition, the gate insulating film 67 formed by thermal oxidation with the fourth embodiment offers higher levels of dielectric strength than that formed by the CVD method. This enhances the reliability of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂.

As a variation of the fourth embodiment, the gate electrodes 6 of the driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂, the gate electrodes 11 (word lines WL) of the transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, and the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A may be patterned as shown in FIG. 60 in the memory cell constitution of the SRAM.

As another variation of the fourth embodiment, the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂; the source region 18P, channel regions 18N and drain regions 18P of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂; and the supply voltage lines (V_(CC)) 25A, may be patterned as depicted in FIG. 61. For a better view, FIG. 61 omits such components under the gate electrodes 20 of the load MISFETs Qp₁ and Qp₂ as the reference voltage lines (V_(SS)) 16A, driver MISFETs Qd₁ and Qd₂, transfer MISFETs Qt₁ and Qt₂, and field insulating film 3.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described using specific terms, such description is for illustrative purposes only, and it is to be understood that changes and variations may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims that follow.

The major benefits of the present invention are recapitulated below.

(1) According to the invention, the capacitor elements C of large capacitance are formed between the gate electrodes of the load MISFETs on the one hand, and the supply voltage lines occupying a large area over these gate electrodes on the other. This structure enhances the resistance of the memory cells in the SRAM to α-ray soft errors.

(2) According to the invention, holes are made on part of the supply voltage lines so as to reduce the resistivity thereof. The structure thus prevents drops in the supply voltage fed through the supply voltage lines to the memory cells, whereby stable SRAM operation is ensured.

(3) According to the invention, one contact hole interconnects the drain region of one driver MISFET, the gate electrode of one load MISFET, the drain region of the other load MISFET, and the gate electrode of the other driver MISFET over the main surface of the semiconductor substrate. Compared with prior art setups where these conductive strips are connected via a plurality of contact holes, this single contact hole structure reduces the memory cell area by the amount equivalent to the multiple contact holes eliminated. In addition, the single contact hole structure requires fewer steps to follow for the manufacture thereof than the multiple contact hole setups.

(4) According to the invention, the contact hole formed on the drain regions of the driver MISFETs is surrounded by a thick insulating film. The structure provides greater margins of alignment for the contact hole to be formed. That in turn reduces the area of the drain regions of the driver MISFETs, whereby the degree of integration of the SRAM is enhanced.

(5) According to the structure, the data lines are connected to the drain regions of the transfer MISFETs via the pad layer made of the conductive strip constituting the reference voltage lines. The structure eliminates the need for margins of alignment for the contact hole to be formed on the drain regions. This reduces the necessary area of the drain regions of the transfer MISFETs, whereby the degree of integration of the SRAM is boosted.

(6) According to the invention, one semiconductor region of the n-channel MISFETs constituting part of the peripheral circuits is wired via the pad layer formed by the conductive strip constituting the reference voltage lines. The structure eliminates the need for margins of alignment for the contact hole to be formed on that semiconductor region. This reduces the semiconductor region area of the n-channel MISFETs, whereby the degree of integration of the SRAM is improved.

(7) According to the invention, one semiconductor region of the p-channel MISFETs constituting part of the peripheral circuits is wired via the pad layer formed by the conductive strip constituting the supply voltage lines. The structure eliminates the need for margins of alignment for the contact hole to be formed on that semiconductor region. This reduces the semiconductor region area of the p-channel MISFETs, whereby the degree of integration of the SRAM is increased.

(8) According to the invention, the asymmetrically constructed n-channel MISFETs constituting part of the peripheral circuits have the source regions formed in the double diffused drain structure. This setup reduces the resistance value of the source regions and prevents voltage drops, whereby the operating speed of the BRAN is increased.

(9) According to the invention, the low-density p-type semiconductor regions are formed under the low-density n-type semiconductor regions. This structure minimizes the short channel effect of the n-channel MISFETs, whereby the SRAM is boosted in terms of reliability and degree of integration.

(10) According to the invention, the low-density n-type semiconductor regions are formed under the low-density p-type semiconductor regions. This structure minimizes the short channel effect of the p-channel MISFETs, whereby the SRAM is enhanced in terms of reliability and degree of integration.

(11) According to the invention, the insulating film under the conductive strip making up the supply voltage lines is constituted by a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film, the latter film being deposited over the former in layered fashion. When that conductive strip is etched to form the supply voltage lines, the insulating film under the conductive strip is protected from erosion. Thus the structure improves the dielectric strength of the capacitor elements constituted by the conductive strip, by the insulating film under the strip and by another conductive strip under the insulating film. That in turn enhances the resistance of the memory cells in the SRAM to α-ray soft errors.

(12) According to the invention, side wall spacers are formed on the side wall of the gate electrodes of the load MISFETs. The side wall spacers protect the edges of the gate electrodes. Thermally oxidizing the gate electrodes rounds the edges thereof, which improves the dielectric strength of the gate insulating film of the load MISFETs. This enhances the reliability of the SRAM. In addition, the gate insulating film offers a higher dielectric strength when formed by thermal oxidation than by the CVD method. Thus the SRAM is further improved in terms of reliability.

(13) According to the invention, capacitor elements are formed between the gate electrodes of the driver MISFETs and the reference voltage lines. The second conductive strip is formed between the first and the second insulating films constituting the dielectric film of the capacitor elements. This arrangement makes it possible effectively to reduce the thickness of the dielectric film, whereby the capacitance of the capacitor elements is boosted and the resistance of the memory cells in the SRAM to α-ray soft errors is improved. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A semiconductor integrated circuit device, comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a main surface; a plurality of memory cells of a static random access memory, said plurality of memory cells being arranged in a row and a column direction, each of said plurality of memory cells including a first driver MISFET and a second driver MISFET and a first load MISFET and a second load MISFET; each of said first and said second driver MISFETs having a gate electrode overlying said main surface and a source region and a drain region in said semiconductor substrate; a first insulating film overlying said first and said second driver MISFETs so as to cover said main surface; first conductive strips overlying said first insulating film, wherein a source region, a drain region and a channel-forming region of each of said first and second load MISFETs are provided in said first conductive strips, and wherein the drain regions of said first and second load MISFETs are electrically connected to the drain regions of said first and second driver MISFETs, respectively; gate electrodes of said first and second load MISFETs, overlying said first conductive strips, wherein said gate electrodes of said first and second load MISFETs are electrically connected to said drain regions of said second and first driver MISFETs, respectively; gate insulating films of said first and second load MISFETs, provided between the channel-forming regions and the gate electrodes thereof; a second insulating film overlying said first conductive strips and said gate electrodes of said first and said second load MISFETs; and a power source applying layer overlying said second insulating film so as to cover said plurality of memory cells, said power source applying layer being electrically connected to the source regions of said first and second load MISFETs of said plurality of memory cells, said gate electrodes of said first and said second load MISFETs, said second insulating film and said power source applying layer constituting capacitor elements.
 2. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 1, wherein said power source applying layer and said gate electrodes of said first and second load MISFETs serve as electrodes of said capacitor elements, and said second insulating film is a dielectric film of said capacitor elements, said capacitor elements being capacitor elements of the plurality of memory cells.
 3. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 1, wherein said first and second driver MISFETs are each an n-channel MISFET, said first and second load MISFETs are each a p-channel MISFET, and said first conductive strips are composed of silicon.
 4. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 1, further comprising contact holes through the second insulating film and exposing the source regions of the first and second load MISFETs, and wherein said power source applying layer extends into said contact holes so as to contact the source regions of the first and second load MISFETs.
 5. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the source regions of the first and second load MISFETs are of p-type conductivity, and wherein the power source applying layer is doped with p-type conductivity impurities.
 6. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the gate electrode of the first load MISFET extends so as to contact the drain region of the second load MISFET and the drain region of the second driver MISFET, and wherein the gate electrode of the second load MISFET extends so as to contact the drain region of the first load MISFET and the drain region of the first driver MISFET.
 7. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 6, wherein each of the memory cells further includes first and second transfer MISFETs, and wherein the gate electrodes of the first and second load MISFETs are also respectively connected to drain regions of the second and first transfer MISFETs.
 8. A semiconductor integrated circuit device, comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a main surface; a plurality of memory cells of a static random access memory, each of said plurality of memory cells including (1) transfer MISFETs controlled by word lines, and (2) a flip-flop circuit including driver MISFETs and load MISFETs; first conductive strips overlying said main surface of said semiconductor substrate and providing gate electrodes of said driver MISFETs; second conductive strips overlying said main surface of said semiconductor substrate and providing gate electrodes of said transfer MISFETs; third conductive strips overlying said first and said second conductive strips and each including a channel-forming region, a source region and a drain region of a load MISFET; fourth conductive strips overlying said third conductive strips and providing gate electrodes of said load MISFETs; a supply voltage layer overlying said fourth conductive strips and being connected to said source regions of said load MISFETs; and a dielectric film provided between said gate electrodes of said load MISFETs and said supply voltage layer; wherein said supply voltage layer, dielectric film and load MISFETs are positioned relative to one another so that capacitor elements are formed between said gate electrodes of said load MISFETs and said supply voltage layer, with said dielectric film serving as a dielectric of said capacitor elements.
 9. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 8, wherein a contact hole is formed over a drain region of one of the driver MISFETs so as to interconnect said drain region of said one driver MISFET, the gate electrode of one load MISFET, the gate electrode of the other driver MISFET, and the drain region of the other load MISFET.
 10. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 8, wherein said dielectric film is constituted by a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film, said silicon nitride film being formed over said silicon oxide film, said silicon nitride film overlying said source and drain regions of said load MISFETs and said fourth conductive strips so as to cover said third and fourth conductive strips.
 11. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 8, further comprising peripheral circuits, wherein the peripheral circuits include asymmetrically constructed n-channel MISFETs having source regions of a double-diffused drain structure composed of a high-concentration n⁺-type semiconductor region and a low-concentration n-type semiconductor region, said asymmetrically constructed n-channel MISFETs further having drain regions of an LDD structure having a high concentration n⁺-type semiconductor region and a low-concentration n-type semiconductor region.
 12. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 8, further comprising peripheral circuits, wherein the peripheral circuits include n-channel MISFETs having source regions and drain regions of LDD structures each composed of a high-concentration n⁺-type semiconductor region and a low-concentration n-type semiconductor region, the latter region being formed over a low-concentration p-type semiconductor region.
 13. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 8, further comprising peripheral circuits, wherein the peripheral circuits include p-channel MISFETs having source regions and drain regions of LDD structure, each composed of a high-concentration p⁺-type semiconductor region and a low-concentration p-type semiconductor region, the latter region being formed over a low-concentration n-type semiconductor region.
 14. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 8, wherein each of source and drain regions of the driver MISFETs has double-diffused drain structure, and source and drain regions of each of the transfer MISFETs has lightly doped drain structure.
 15. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 14, wherein the lightly doped drain structure of each of the transfer MISFETs includes a low impurity concentration region of a first conductivity type adjacent a channel-forming region of the transfer MISFET and a high impurity concentration region of said first conductivity type adjacent said low impurity concentration region, and wherein a low impurity concentration region of a second conductivity type, opposite the first conductivity type, is provided underlying the low impurity concentration region of the first conductivity type.
 16. A semiconductor integrated circuit device, comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a main surface; a plurality of memory cells, each of said plurality of memory cells including a first driver MISFET and a second driver MISFET, each of the first and second driver MISFETs having source and drain regions, a first load element and a second load element, and first and second transfer MISFETs controlled by word lines, each of the first and second transfer MISFETs having source and drain regions, wherein each of the source and drain regions of the driver MISFETs has double-diffused drain structure, and each of the source and drain regions of the transfer MISFETs has lightly doped drain structure, wherein the lightly doped drain structure of each of the transfer MISFETs includes a low impurity concentration region of a first conductivity type adjacent a channel-forming region of the transfer MISFETs and a high impurity concentration region of said first conductivity type adjacent said low impurity concentration region, and wherein a low impurity concentration region of a second conductivity type, opposite the first conductivity type, is provided underlying the low impurity concentration region of the first conductivity type, the device further comprising peripheral circuits, wherein the peripheral circuits further include asymmetrical structured n-channel MISFETs each having a source region of a double-diffused drain structure comprised of a relatively high-concentration n-type semiconductor region and a relatively low-concentration n-type semiconductor region surrounding said relatively high-concentration n-type semiconductor region, said asymmetrical structured n-channel MISFETs each having a drain region with the same lightly doped drain structure as that of the transfer MISFETs.
 17. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 16, wherein the peripheral circuits further include symmetrical structured n-channel MISFETs each having first and second semiconductor regions and a channel-forming region therebetween, wherein each of said first and second semiconductor regions have a same lightly doped drain structure as that of said transfer MISFETs, and each of said first and second semiconductor regions also include said low impurity concentration region of said second conductivity type underlying the low impurity concentration region of the lightly doped drain structure, wherein said asymmetrical structured n-channel MISFETs operate such that current flows only in one direction from said drain region to said source region, and wherein symmetrical structured n-channel MISFETs operate such that current flows in both directions between said first and second semiconductor regions.
 18. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 1, wherein a film thickness of said second insulating film is thinner than that of said gate electrodes of said load MISFETs.
 19. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 18, wherein said second insulating film includes a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film over said silicon oxide film.
 20. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 19, wherein said second insulating film has a film thickness of 18-22 nm.
 21. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 2, wherein a film thickness of said second insulating film is thinner than that of said gate electrodes of said load MISFETs.
 22. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 21, wherein said second insulating film includes a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film over said silicon oxide film, said silicon nitride film overlying said source and drain regions of said load MISFETs and said gate electrodes of said load MISFETs so as to cover said first conductive strips and said gate electrodes of said load MISFETs.
 23. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 22, wherein said second insulating film has a film thickness of 18-22 nm.
 24. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 8, wherein a film thickness of said dielectric film is thinner than that of one of said fourth conductive strips.
 25. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 24, wherein said dielectric film includes a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film over the silicon oxide film.
 26. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 25, wherein said dielectric film has a thickness of 18-22 nm.
 27. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 8, wherein said supply voltage layer is continuously provided in a row and a column direction over said plurality of memory cells arranged in said row and said column direction in such a manner that said supply voltage layer is electrically connected to said source regions of said load MISFETs of said plurality of memory cells arranged in said row and said column direction, said second strips being integrally formed with said word lines.
 28. A semiconductor integrated circuit device according to claim 1, wherein said power source applying layer is continuously provided in said row and said column direction to extend over said plurality of memory cells arranged in said row and said column direction in such a manner that said power source applying layer is electrically connected to said source regions of said load MISFETs of said plurality of memory cells arranged in said row and said column direction.
 29. A semiconductor memory device, comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a main surface; a plurality of memory cells of a static random access memory arranged in a row and a column direction, each of said plurality of memory cells including a first driver MISFET and a second driver MISFET, and a first load MISFET and a second load MISFET; each of said first and second driver MISFETs having a source region and a drain region in said semiconductor substrate, and a gate electrode over said main surface; a source region, a drain region, and a channel-forming region of said first load MISFET being provided in a first conductive strip; a source region, a drain region, and a channel-forming region of said second load MISFET being provided in a second conductive strip; each of said first conductive strip and said second conductive strip being formed over a respective one of said gate electrodes of said first and second driver MISFETs; a gate electrode of said first load MISFET provided over said channel-forming region of said first load MISFET and electrically connected to both said gate electrode of said first driver MISFET and said drain region of said second driver MISFET; a gate electrode of said second load MISFET provided over said channel-forming region of said second load MISFET and electrically connected to both said gate electrode of said second driver MISFET and said drain region of said first driver MISFET; a silicon nitride film provided over said gate electrodes of said first and second load MISFETs and said source and drain regions of said first and second load MISFETs so as to cover said gate electrodes of said first and second load MISFETs and said source and drain regions of said first and second load MISFETs; and a first voltage supplying layer provided over said silicon nitride film so as to cover said silicon nitride film, said gate electrodes of said first and second load MISFETs, said first voltage supplying layer, and said silicon nitride film constituting capacitor elements.
 30. A semiconductor memory device according to claim 29, wherein said first voltage supplying layer is electrically connected to said source regions of said first and second load MISFETs and supplies a first voltage to said plurality of memory cells.
 31. A semiconductor memory device according to claim 30, wherein said silicon nitride film is formed so as to cover said plurality of memory cells arranged in said row and said column direction, and wherein said first voltage supplying layer is continuously provided in said row and said column direction to extend over said plurality of memory cells arranged in said row and said column direction.
 32. A semiconductor memory device according to claim 29, wherein said silicon nitride film is formed so as to cover said plurality of memory cells arranged in said row and said column direction, and wherein said first voltage supplying layer is continuously provided in said row and said column direction to extend over said plurality of memory cells arranged in said row and said column direction.
 33. A semiconductor memory device, comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a main surface; a plurality of memory cells of a static random access memory arranged in a row direction and a column direction, each of said plurality of memory cells including a first driver MISFET and a second driver MISFET, and a first load MISFET and a second load MISFET; each of said first and second driver MISFETs having a source region and a drain region in said semiconductor substrate, and a gate electrode over said main surface; a source region, a drain region, and a channel-forming region of said first load MISFET being provided in a first conductive strip; a source region, a drain region, and a channel-forming region of said second load MISFET being provided in a second conductive strip; each of said first and said second conductive strips being provided over a respective one of said gate electrodes of said driver MISFETs; a gate electrode of said first load MISFET provided over said channel-forming region of said first load MISFET and electrically connected to both said gate electrode of said first driver MISFET and said drain region of said second driver MISFET; a gate electrode of said second load MISFET provided over said channel-forming region of said second load MISFET and electrically connected to both said gate electrode of said second driver MISFET and said drain region of said first driver MISFET; a first voltage supplying layer provided over said gate electrodes of said first and second load MISFETs and electrically connected to said source regions of said first and second load MISFETs, wherein said first voltage supplying layer is continuously provided extending diagonally relative to said row and said column directions to extend over said plurality of memory cells arranged in said row and said column directions; and a second voltage supplying layer provided over said gate electrodes of said driver MISFETs, below said first and second conductive strips, and electrically connected to said source regions of said first and second driver MISFETs, wherein said second voltage supplying layer is continuously provided extending diagonally relative to said row and said column directions to extend over said plurality of memory cells arranged in said row and said column directions; a first insulating film over said first voltage supplying layer; and pairs of data lines over said first insulating film, each of said pairs comprised of complementary data lines extending in said row direction; each of said plurality of memory cells further including a first transfer MISFET and a second transfer MISFET, each having a source region and a drain region; said first voltage supplying layer having openings such that in viewing a plane in parallel with said main surface, within said memory cell, one opening is spaced apart from another opening diagonally relative to said row direction and said column direction, and such that in viewing a plane in parallel with said main surface, within said memory cell, said first load MISFET and said second load MISFET are arranged between said one opening and said another opening; said first insulating film having first and second contact holes such that in viewing a plane parallel with said main surface, within said memory cell, said first and second contact holes are positioned over portions of said first voltage supplying layer where said one and said another openings are formed, respectively, such that one of said source and drain regions of said first transfer MISFET is electrically connected to one of said complementary data lines through said first contact hole, and such that one of said source and drain regions of said second transfer MISFET is electrically connected to another of said complementary data lines through said second contact hole.
 34. A semiconductor memory device according to claim 33, wherein in viewing a plane in parallel with said main surface, within said memory cell, said first voltage supplying layer extends between said openings corresponding to adjacent two memory cells in said column direction, wherein in viewing a plane in parallel with said main surface, within said memory cell, said second voltage supplying layer is not formed below portions where said first and said second contact holes are formed, and wherein in viewing a plane in parallel with said main surface, within said memory cell, said second voltage supplying layer extends between said first contact holes corresponding to adjacent two memory cells in said column direction and between said second contact holes corresponding to adjacent two memory cells in said column direction.
 35. A semiconductor memory device, comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a main surface; a plurality of memory cells of a static random access memory arranged in a row direction and a column direction, each of said plurality of memory cells including first and second transfer MISFETs, first and second driver MISFETs, and first and second load MISFETs; each of said first and second driver MISFETs having a source region and a drain region in said semiconductor substrate, and a gate electrode over said main surface; each of said first and second transfer MISFETs having a source region and a drain region in said semiconductor substrate, and a gate electrode over said main surface; a source region, a drain region, and a channel-forming region of said first load MISFET being provided in a first conductive strip; a source region, a drain region, and a channel-forming region of said second load MISFET being provided in a second conductive strip; each of said first and said second conductive strips being formed over a respective one of said gate electrodes of said first and second driver MISFETs; a gate electrode of said first load MISFET provided over said channel-forming region of said first load MISFET and electrically connected to both said gate electrode of said first driver MISFET and said drain region of said second driver MISFET; a gate electrode of said second load MISFET provided over said channel-forming region of said second load MISFET and electrically connected to both said gate electrode of said second driver MISFET and said drain region of said first driver MISFET; a first insulating film provided over said gate electrodes of said first and second load MISFETs and said first conductive strip; a first voltage supplying layer over said first insulating film and electrically connected to said source regions of said first and second load MISFETs, said first voltage supplying layer continuously provided extending diagonally relative to said row and said column directions to extend over said plurality of memory cells arranged in said row and said column directions; a second insulating film provided over said first voltage supplying layer; and pairs of data lines formed over said second insulating film, each of said pairs comprised of complementary data lines extending in said row direction, said first voltage supplying layer having openings such that in viewing a plane in parallel with said main surface, within said memory cell, one opening is spaced apart from another opening diagonally relative to said row direction and said column direction, and such that in viewing a plane in parallel with said main surface, within said memory cell, said first and said second load MISFETs are arranged between said one opening and said another opening, said second insulating film having first and second contact holes such that in viewing a plane in parallel with said main surface, within said memory cell, said first and second contact holes are positioned over portions of said first voltage supplying layer where said one and said another opening are formed, respectively, such that one of said source and drain regions of said first transfer MISFET is electrically connected to one of said complementary data lines through said first contact hole, and such that one of said source and drain regions of said second transfer MISFET is electrically connected to another of said complementary data lines through said second contact hole, said first insulating film having third and fourth contact holes such that in viewing a plane in parallel with said main surface, said third contact hole is positioned between adjacent first contact holes in said column direction, such that in viewing a plane in parallel with said main surface, said fourth contact hole is positioned between adjacent second contact holes in said column direction, and such that in viewing a plane in parallel with said main surface, within said memory cell, said first voltage supplying layer is electrically connected to said source regions of said first and second load MISFETs through said third and fourth contact holes, respectively.
 36. A semiconductor memory device according to claim 35, wherein said first voltage supplying layer is electrically connected, through said third contact hole, to said source regions of said first load MISFETs of four memory cells which are adjacently arranged to each other in said row direction and in said column direction, and wherein said first voltage supplying layer is electrically connected, through said fourth contact hole, to said source regions of said second load MISFETs of four memory cells which are adjacently arranged to each other in said row direction and in said column direction. 